2.1 Structure Of DNA/RNA

Question 1

What is a nucleotide made of?

Answer 1

Phosphate
Organic base
Sugar

Question 2

What does dna stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What type of sugar is in DNA?

Answer 3

Pentose

Question 4

What specific useful element is in the organic base is DNA?

Answer 4

Nitrogen

Question 5

What are the 4 different bases and which base binds to which?

Answer 5

Cytosine—Guanine
Adenine—Thymine

Question 6

Which base replaces Thymine in RNA?

Answer 6

Uracil

Question 7

How many rings are in each base?

Answer 7

C+U+T have 1 ring
A+G have 2 rings

Question 8

How do nucleotides bond?

Answer 8

Condensation between the hydroxides on carbon 3 of the sugar and one on the phosphate

Question 9

What are multiple nucleotides bonded together called?

Answer 9

Polynucleotide strand or Phosphate backbone

Question 10

What are the bonds between sugars and phosphates called in DNA?

Answer 10

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

How do different bases bond?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds
A-T has 2 H bonds
C-G has 3 H bonds

Question 12

How are polynucleotide strands arranged to bond at the base to each other?

Answer 12

Facing opposite direction
Anti parallel strands

Question 13

What is the bond between the phosphate and the sugar?

Answer 13

An ester bond

Question 14

What is the bond between the sugar and the base?

Answer 14

Glycosidic

Question 15

Describe the structure of mRNA

Answer 15

Single helix
Has a phosphodiester bond

Question 16

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 16

To code for an amino acid corresponding to the codon on the mRNA

Question 17

What is the tRNA shape?

Answer 17

4 leaf clover

Question 18

Where are the tRNA?

Answer 18

The ribosome

Question 19

What is on the tRNA to copy the mRNA?

Answer 19

Anti codon loop

Question 20

What is the sugar in DNA and RNA

Answer 20

RNA- ribose
DNA- deoxyribose