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BIO 301 > Chapter 4.3: Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 4.3: Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hallmark of the eukaryotic cell?

A

compartmentalization

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2
Q

Define endomembrane system

A

a system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

What is a system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells?

A

endomembrane system

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4
Q

Define central vacuole

A

a large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials, and is involved in water balance

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5
Q

What is a large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials, and is involved in water balance?

A

central vacuole

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6
Q

Define chromosome

A

the vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next

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7
Q

What is the vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next?

A

chromosome

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8
Q

Define cytoskeleton

A

a network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility

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9
Q

What is a network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility?

A

cytoskeleton

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10
Q

Define nucleus

A

the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA

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11
Q

What is the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA?

A

nucleus

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12
Q

Define nucleolus

A

the site of rRNA synthesis; a spherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA genes

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13
Q

What is the site of rRNA synthesis; a spherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA genes?

A

nucleolus

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14
Q

Define nuclear envelope

A

the bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus.

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15
Q

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

A

Composed of two phospholipid bilayers with the outer one connected to the endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

What is the bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus.?

A

nuclear envelope

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17
Q

Define nuclear pore

A

one of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope that allow selective passage of proteins and nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus

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18
Q

What is one of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope that allow selective passage of proteins and nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus?

A

nuclear pore

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19
Q

Define nuclear lamins

A

 Nuclear lamins are intermediate filament fibers that make up the nuclear lamina

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20
Q

Define chromatin

A

the complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed

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21
Q

What is the complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed?

A

chromatin

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22
Q

Define ribosomomal RNA (rRNA)

A

a class of RNA molecules found, together with characteristic proteins, in ribosomes; transcribed from the DNA of the nucleolus

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23
Q

What is a class of RNA molecules found, together with characteristic proteins, in ribosomes; transcribed from the DNA of the nucleolus?

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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24
Q

Define messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

the RNA transcribed from structural genes; RNA molecules complementary to a portion of one strand of DNA, which are translated by the ribosomes to form protein

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25
Q

What is the RNA transcribed from structural genes; RNA molecules complementary to a portion of one strand of DNA, which are translated by the ribosomes to form protein?

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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26
Q

Define transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

a class of small RNAs (about 80 nucleotides) with two functional sites; at one site, an “activating enzyme” adds a specific amino acids, whicle the other site carries the nucleotide triplet (anticodon) specific for that amino acid

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27
Q

What is a class of small RNAs (about 80 nucleotides) with two functional sites; at one site, an “activating enzyme” adds a specific amino acids, whicle the other site carries the nucleotide triplet (anticodon) specific for that amino acid?

A

transfer RNA (tRNA)

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28
Q

What is label A of the animal cell?

A

ribosomes

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29
Q

What is label B of the animal cell?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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30
Q

What is label C of the animal cell?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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31
Q

What is label D of the animal cell?

A

microvilli

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32
Q

What is label E of the animal cell?

A

ribosomes

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33
Q

What is label F of the animal cell?

A

Exocytosis

34
Q

What is label G of the animal cell?

35
Q

What is label H of the animal cell?

A

golgi apparatus

36
Q

What is label I of the animal cell?

A

mitochondrion

37
Q

What is label J of the animal cell?

A

peroxisome

38
Q

What is label K of the animal cell?

A

plasma membrane

39
Q

What is label L of the animal cell?

40
Q

What is label M of the animal cell?

41
Q

What is label N of the animal cell?

42
Q

What is label O of the animal cell?

A

intermediate filament

43
Q

What is label P of the animal cell?

A

microtubule

44
Q

What is label Q of the animal cell?

A

actin filament (microfilament)

45
Q

What is label R of the animal cell?

A

intermediate filament

46
Q

What is label S of the animal cell?

A

nuclear pore

47
Q

What is label T of the animal cell?

48
Q

What is label U of the animal cell?

A

nuclear envelope

49
Q

What is label A of the plant cell?

A

nuclear envelope

50
Q

What is label B of the plant cell?

A

nuclear pore

51
Q

What is label C of the plant cell?

52
Q

What is label D of the plant cell?

A

intermediate filament

53
Q

What is label E of the plant cell?

A

central vacuole

54
Q

What is label F of the plant cell?

A

intermediate filament

55
Q

What is label G of the plant cell?

A

microtubule

56
Q

What is label H of the plant cell?

A

actin filament (microfilament)

57
Q

What is label I of the plant cell?

A

peroxisome

58
Q

What is label J of the plant cell?

A

mitochondrion

59
Q

What is label K of the plant cell?

60
Q

What is label L of the plant cell?

A

plasmodesmata

61
Q

What is label M of the plant cell?

A

plasma membrane

62
Q

What is label N of the plant cell?

63
Q

What is label O of the plant cell?

A

adjacent cell wall

64
Q

What is label P of the plant cell?

A

chloroplast

65
Q

What is label Q of the plant cell?

66
Q

What is label R of the plant cell?

A

golgi apparatus

67
Q

What is label S of the plant cell?

68
Q

What is label T of the plant cell?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

69
Q

What is label U of the plant cell?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

70
Q

What is label A of the nucleus?

A

nuclear pores

71
Q

What is label B of the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope

72
Q

What is label C of the nucleus?

73
Q

What is label D of the nucleus?

74
Q

What is label E of the nucleus?

A

nucleoplasm

75
Q

What is label F of the nucleus?

A

nuclear lamina

76
Q

What is label G of the nucleus?

A

nuclear basket

77
Q

What is label H of the nucleus?

A

nuclear pore

78
Q

What is label I of the nucleus?

A

cytoplasmic filaments

79
Q

What is label J of the nucleus?

A

outer membrane

80
Q

What is label K of the nucleus?

A

inner membrane

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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