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Psychology > 5- States of Consciousness > Flashcards

5- States of Consciousness Flashcards

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0
Q

sleep, wake, altered states

A

states of consciousness

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1
Q

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

consciousness

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2
Q

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

A

Circadian rhythm

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3
Q

Awake, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, REM

A

Sleep stages

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4
Q

The relatively slow brain wave of a relaxed, awake state; occur in the awake stage and stage 1

A

Alpha waves

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5
Q

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness

A

Sleep

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6
Q

False sensory experiences; hypnagogic sensations

A

Hallucinations

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7
Q

Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brainwave activity; occurs in stage 2 sleep

A

Sleep spindles

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8
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep; occurs in stage 3 and stage 4 sleep

A

Delta waves

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9
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active (paradoxical sleep)

A

REM sleep

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10
Q

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM

A

NREM sleep

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11
Q
  • slowed breathing
  • some irregular brain waves
  • easily awakened
  • no more than 5 mins in this stage
  • dreamlike sensations
  • alpha waves
A

Stage 1 sleep

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12
Q
  • brain waves become slower
  • lasts around 20 mins
  • transition phase: half of overall sleep cycle in this stage
  • sleep spindles
A

Stage 2 sleep

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13
Q
  • occurs about 30 mins after falling asleep

- slow wave/delta sleep

A

Stage 3 sleep

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14
Q
  • first sleep cycle, spend 30 mins in delta sleep
  • deep sleep
  • where we see sleep walking
  • also night terrors occur in this sleep
  • slow wave/delta sleep
A

Stage 4 sleep

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15
Q
  • pulse quickens
  • breathing becomes fast and irregular
  • but our brainstem blocks messages from the motor cortex
  • after, we go back to stage 1
  • brain waves pick up speed and strengthens
  • 8-9 hours asleep–> last 4 hours will be spent more in this stage then first half
  • brain waves look more like someone awake based on brain activity
A

REM sleep

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16
Q

recurring problems in falling and staying asleep

A

Insomnia

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17
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A

Narcolepsy

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18
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening

A

Sleep apnea

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19
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during stage 4 sleep and are seldom remembered

A

Night terrors

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20
Q

Occur in stage 4 sleep and run in families

A

Sleep walking and sleep talking

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21
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

A

Dream

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22
Q

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

A

Manifest content

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23
Q
  • to satisfy our own wishes
  • to file away memories
  • to develop and preserve neural pathways
  • to reflect cognitive development
A

Reasons we dream

24
Q

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

A

Latent content

25
Q

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

A

REM rebound

26
Q

Neural activity is random, and dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of it

A

Activation-synthesis theory

27
Q

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

Hypnosis

28
Q

The supposed ability to relive childhood experiences

A

Age regression

29
Q

A suggestion, made during hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized

A

Post hypnotic suggestion

30
Q

The subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the cold (ice bath example)

A

Social influence theory

31
Q

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A

Dissociation

32
Q

A chemical substance that alters perceptions

A

Psychoactive drug

33
Q

The diminishing effect with repeated use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effects

A

Tolerance

34
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

A

Withdrawal

35
Q

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

A

Physical dependence

36
Q

A psychological need to use a drug

A

Psychological dependence

37
Q

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

A

Addiction

38
Q
  • addictive drugs quickly corrupt
  • addictions cannot be overcome voluntarily; therapy is required
  • we can extend the concept of addiction to cover not just drug dependencies, but a whole spectrum of repetitive, pleasure-seeking behaviors
A

Myths about addiction

39
Q

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

40
Q

Alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, date-rape drugs, rohypnol, GHB, ketamine

A

Depressants

41
Q
  • equal opportunity drug
  • slows neural processing
  • disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories
  • reduces self awareness and self control
  • pleasurable effects: initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition
  • adverse effects: depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions
A

Alcohol

42
Q

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement (tranquilizers)

A

Barbiturates

43
Q

Opium and its derivatives; morphine, heroin, and oxycodone; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

44
Q

Tranquilizer; produces sedative effect, amnesia, muscle relaxation and slowed psychomotor response

A

Rohypnol (rufies)

45
Q

Produces feelings of relaxation, tranquility, sensuality and loss of inhibitions

A

GHB

46
Q

Powerful animal tranquilizer; causes impaired motor functioning

A

Ketamine

47
Q

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulants

48
Q

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up activity body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

Amphetamine

49
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, it appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

  • pleasurable effects: euphoria, alertness, energy
  • adverse effects: irritability, insomnia, hypertension, depressive crash
A

Methamphetamine (meth)

50
Q
  • stimulant
  • pleasurable effects: rush of euphoria, confidence, energy
  • adverse effects: cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash
A

Cocaine (crack)

51
Q
  • stimulant
  • pleasurable effects: arousal and relaxation, sense of well being
  • adverse effects: heart disease, cancer
A

Nicotine

52
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

  • pleasurable effects: emotional elevation, disinhibition
  • adverse effects: dehydration, overheating, depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning
A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

53
Q

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

54
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid; chemically similar to a subtype of serotonin

A

LSD

55
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

Near-death experience

56
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

A

THC

57
Q

Pleasurable effects: enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation
Adverse effects: impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, lung damage from smoke

A

Marijuana

Psychology (18 decks)

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