1- Psychology's History and Approaches

Question 0

Agreed with Socrates that mind was separate from the body and that there was some innate knowledge

Answer 0

Plato

Question 1

Believed mind was separate from the body and that there was some innate knowledge

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

Thought mind and body were connected, and that there was no preexisting knowledge

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Believed that mind and body influence each other

Answer 3

Augustine

Question 4

Believed mind and body were separate, that innate ideas exist
He dissected animals and discovered “animal spirits” (nerves)

Answer 4

Rene Descartes

Question 5

Was fascinated by human eagerness to selectively notice and remember beliefs and events

Answer 5

Francis Bacon

Question 6

Believed that the mind was a blank slate (tabula rasa)

Founded empiricism

Answer 6

John Locke

Question 7

Knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely in observation and experimentation

Answer 7

Empiricism

Question 8

Father of psychology
Established the first psychology lab doing reaction time experiment
University of Leipzig

Answer 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

Wundt’s student

Introduced structuralism

Answer 9

Edward Titchener

Question 10

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

Answer 10

Structuralism

Question 11

Looking inward; somewhat unreliable

Answer 11

Introspection

Question 12

Father of American psychology

Introduced functionalism

Answer 12

William James

Question 13

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

Answer 13

Functionalism

Question 14

Admitted to James’ graduate seminar at Harvard, causing all the male students to drop out
She got denied her Ph D
Became a pioneering researcher

Answer 14

Mary Calkins

Question 15

Received her Ph D from Cornell
First official women to receive a Ph D in psychology
President of American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 15

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 16

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Answer 16

Experimental psychology

Question 17

Developed the idea of the unconscious

First to do psychoanalytic research

Answer 17

Sigmund Freud

Question 18

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Answer 18

Behaviorism

Question 19

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

• Carl Rodgers
• Abraham Maslow

Answer 19

Humanistic psychology

Question 20

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activist linked with cognition

Answer 20

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 21

The science of behavior and mental processes

Answer 21

Psychology

Question 22

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Answer 22

Nature-nurture issue

Question 23

Came up with the idea of natural selection

Answer 23

Charles Darwin

Question 24

The principle that those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 24

Natural selection

Question 25

The differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon; biological, psychological, social-cultural

Answer 25

Levels of analysis

Question 26

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Answer 26

Biopsychosocial approach

Question 27

Studies the links between biological and psychological processes

Answer 27

Biological psychology

Question 28

Studies the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection

Answer 28

Evolutionary psychology

Question 29

Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior often rooted in sexual issues or unresolved childhood issues

Answer 29

Psychodynamic psychology

Question 30

Study of observable behavior and it’s explanation by principles of learning

Answer 30

Behavioral psychology

Question 31

Study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 31

Cognitive psychology

Question 32

Study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Answer 32

Social-cultural psychology

Question 33

Study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Answer 33

Psychometrics

Question 34

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Answer 34

Basic research

Question 35

Study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Answer 35

Developmental psychology

Question 36

Study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Answer 36

Educational psychology

Question 37

Study of an individual’s characteristic pattern

Answer 37

Personality psychology

Question 38

Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Answer 38

Social psychology

Question 39

Study that aims to solve practical problems

Answer 39

Applied research

Question 40

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Answer 40

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Question 41

Study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments

Answer 41

Human factors psychology

Question 42

Assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being

Answer 42

Counseling psychology

Question 43

Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Answer 43

Clinical psychology

Question 44

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; usually provides medical treatments

Answer 44

Psychiatry

Question 45

Survey, question, read, rehearse, review

Answer 45

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