1- Psychology's History and Approaches Flashcards
Agreed with Socrates that mind was separate from the body and that there was some innate knowledge
Plato
Believed mind was separate from the body and that there was some innate knowledge
Socrates
Thought mind and body were connected, and that there was no preexisting knowledge
Aristotle
Believed that mind and body influence each other
Augustine
Believed mind and body were separate, that innate ideas exist
He dissected animals and discovered “animal spirits” (nerves)
Rene Descartes
Was fascinated by human eagerness to selectively notice and remember beliefs and events
Francis Bacon
Believed that the mind was a blank slate (tabula rasa)
Founded empiricism
John Locke
Knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely in observation and experimentation
Empiricism
Father of psychology
Established the first psychology lab doing reaction time experiment
University of Leipzig
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt’s student
Introduced structuralism
Edward Titchener
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Structuralism
Looking inward; somewhat unreliable
Introspection
Father of American psychology
Introduced functionalism
William James
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
Functionalism
Admitted to James’ graduate seminar at Harvard, causing all the male students to drop out
She got denied her Ph D
Became a pioneering researcher
Mary Calkins
Received her Ph D from Cornell
First official women to receive a Ph D in psychology
President of American Psychological Association (APA)
Margaret Floy Washburn
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Experimental psychology
Developed the idea of the unconscious
First to do psychoanalytic research
Sigmund Freud
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Behaviorism
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth
- Carl Rodgers
- Abraham Maslow
Humanistic psychology
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activist linked with cognition
Cognitive neuroscience
The science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Nature-nurture issue
Came up with the idea of natural selection
Charles Darwin
The principle that those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Natural selection
The differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon; biological, psychological, social-cultural
Levels of analysis
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial approach
Studies the links between biological and psychological processes
Biological psychology
Studies the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior often rooted in sexual issues or unresolved childhood issues
Psychodynamic psychology
Study of observable behavior and it’s explanation by principles of learning
Behavioral psychology
Study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Cognitive psychology
Study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Social-cultural psychology
Study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Psychometrics
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Basic research
Study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
Developmental psychology
Study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
Educational psychology
Study of an individual’s characteristic pattern
Personality psychology
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social psychology
Study that aims to solve practical problems
Applied research
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology
Study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
Human factors psychology
Assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being
Counseling psychology
Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Clinical psychology
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; usually provides medical treatments
Psychiatry
Survey, question, read, rehearse, review
SQ3R
