13- Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Answer 1

psychotherapy

Question 2

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Answer 2

eclectic growth

Question 3

Freud’s therapeutic techniques; designed to release previously repressed feelings allowing the patient to gain self-insight; assumed problem is unconscious forces and childhood experiences; uses analysis and interpretation

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

relaxation; the therapist sits out of sight and waits for you to say what comes to mind

Answer 4

free association

Question 5

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Answer 5

resistance

Question 6

the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Answer 6

interpretation

Question 7

suggesting a dream meaning after hearing the dream

Answer 7

dream analysis

Question 8

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

Answer 8

transference

Question 9

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight; addresses current issues through childhood events

Answer 9

psychodynamic therapy

Question 10

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses; focus on the present instead of the past, conscious rather than unconscious, taking immediate responsibility, and promoting growth instead of curing

Answer 10

insight therapies

Question 11

a humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client’s growth; assumed problem is barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance

Answer 11

client-centered therapy

Question 12

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

Answer 12

active listening

Question 13

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Answer 13

unconditional positive regard

Question 14

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Answer 14

behavior therapy

Question 15

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

Answer 15

counterconditioning

Question 16

behavior techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid

Answer 16

exposure therapy

Question 17

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; used to treat phobias

Answer 17

systematic desensitization

Question 18

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears

Answer 18

virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 19

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

Answer 19

aversive conditioning

Question 20

trying to change behavior; using reinforcement, punishment, or ignoring to shape behaviors

Answer 20

behavior modification

Question 21

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Answer 21

token economy

Question 22

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; assumed problem is negative, self-defeating thinking; aims to reveal and reverse self-blaming

Answer 22

cognitive therapy

Question 23

one miniscule negative belief changes into a lot of negative beliefs

Answer 23

catastrophizing beliefs that are a part of Beck’s therapy for depression

Question 24

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

Answer 24

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 25

involves people with a similar life event or similar psychological disorder

Answer 25

group therapy

Question 26

therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members; assumed problem is stressful relationships; aims to heal those relationships and improve communication

Answer 26

family therapy

Question 27

the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average

Answer 27

regression toward the mean

Question 28

not super reliable, and more likely to give praise

Answer 28

client’s perceptions

Question 29

might still be in contact with the client

Answer 29

clinician’s perceptions

Question 30

a procedure for statistically combing the results of many different research studies

Answer 30

meta-analysis

Question 31

clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Answer 31

evidence-based practice

Question 32

often used for PTSD

Answer 32

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Question 33

used to treat SAD (seasonal affective disorder)

Answer 33

light exposure therapy

Question 34

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

Answer 34

biomedical therapies

Question 35

study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Answer 35

psychopharmacology

Question 36

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder; blocks dopamine receptors

Answer 36

antipsychotic drugs

Question 37

treated by antipsychotic drugs

Answer 37

schizophrenia and psychoses

Question 38

type of antipsychotic drug

Answer 38

chlorpromazine

Question 39

involuntary movements of facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

Answer 39

tardive dyskinesia

Question 40

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation; depressants

Answer 40

antianxiety drugs

Question 41

Xanax, Ativan, cycloserine

Answer 41

specific antianxiety drugs

Question 42

drugs used to treat depression; different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

Answer 42

antidepressant drugs

Question 43

works both to increase both serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer 43

dual antidepressant

Question 44

taken by people with bipolar disorder; Lithium and depakote

Answer 44

mood-stabilizing medications

Question 45

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electrical current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Answer 45

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 46

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Answer 46

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Question 47

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Answer 47

psychosurgery

Question 48

once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; cuts nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

Answer 48

lobotomy

Question 49

requires a two-year masters in social work plus postgraduate supervision

Answer 49

clinical or psychiatric social worker

Question 50

psychologists with a PhD or PsyD and expertise in research, assessment, and therapy, supplemented by a supervised internship, and post-doctoral training

Answer 50

clinical psychologists

Question 51

physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders; not necessarily have a lot of training in psychotherapy, but can prescribe medications

Answer 51

psychiatrists