3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Flashcards
A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Neuron
Biological psychologists study this
Neural communication
Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Sensory neurons
Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Motor neurons
Neurons with the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs
Interneurons
Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath
Parts of a neuron
The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Dendrite
The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Axon
A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
Myelin sheath
2-200mph
Speed of a neuron impulse
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Threshold
Intensity doesn’t change the firing; it either fires or it doesn’t
All or none response
The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Synapse
The tiny gap between the dendrite and the axon tip or between the cell body and the axon tip
Synaptic gap/synaptic cleft
Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
Neurotransmitters