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Psychology > 3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System > Flashcards

3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Flashcards

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0
Q

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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1
Q

Biological psychologists study this

A

Neural communication

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2
Q

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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3
Q

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

A

Motor neurons

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4
Q

Neurons with the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Interneurons

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5
Q

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath

A

Parts of a neuron

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6
Q

The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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7
Q

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

A

Axon

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8
Q

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next

A

Myelin sheath

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9
Q

2-200mph

A

Speed of a neuron impulse

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10
Q

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

Threshold

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11
Q

Intensity doesn’t change the firing; it either fires or it doesn’t

A

All or none response

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12
Q

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

A

Synapse

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13
Q

The tiny gap between the dendrite and the axon tip or between the cell body and the axon tip

A

Synaptic gap/synaptic cleft

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14
Q

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

A

Neurotransmitters

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15
Q

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

A

Reuptake

16
Q

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory (with Alzheimer’s these ____ producing neurons deteriorate

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

17
Q

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion (excess leads to schizophrenia, too little leads to tremors similar to Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

18
Q

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (under supply linked to depression)

A

Serotonin

19
Q

Helps control alertness and arousal; also a hormone (under supply can depress mood)

A

Norepinephrine

20
Q

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter (under supply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia)

A

GABA

21
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory (oversupply can overstimulate brain, producing seizures or migraines)

A

Glutamate

22
Q

“Morphine within”; natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

A

Endorphins

23
Q

Binds to the receptor and mimics the effects of the similar neurotransmitter

A

Agonist

24
Q

Binds to the receptor but it blocks a neurotransmitter’s functioning

A

Antagonist

25
Q

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network

A

Nervous system

26
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

27
Q

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

A

Peripheral nervous system

28
Q

Bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs

A

Nerves

29
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the body’s skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

30
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)

A

Autonomic

31
Q

Part of the autonomic system; arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

A

Sympathetic

32
Q

Prt of the autonomic system; the division that calms the body, conserving its energy

A

Parasympathetic

33
Q

A part of the central nervous system; a simple, automatic response to a story stimulus

A

Reflex

34
Q

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine system

35
Q

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

A

Hormones

36
Q

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress

A

Adrenal glands

37
Q

The endocrine system’s most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands; the master gland

A

Pituitary glands

Psychology (18 decks)

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