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Psychology > 11- Testing and Individual Differences > Flashcards

11- Testing and Individual Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

A

intelligence

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2
Q

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

A

savant syndrome

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3
Q

a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

A

intelligence test

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4
Q

a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

A

general intelligence (g)

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5
Q

a statisical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

A

factor analysis

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6
Q
  • looked at 7 different clusters

- people who generally scored well on all if they scored well in one category

A

Thurstone’s counter argument to g

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7
Q

thinking error; viewing an abstract concept as if it were a concrete thing

A

reification

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8
Q
  • linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (other people), and naturalist
  • a possible 9th- existential
A

Gardner’s 8 Intelligences

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9
Q

analytical (academic problem-solving), creative (generating novel ideas), and practical (everyday tasks)

A

Sternberg’s 3 Intelligences

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10
Q

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

A

emotional intelligence

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11
Q

has a correlation of +.33

A

brain size and intelligence

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12
Q

speed it takes to perform a task

A

neurological speed

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13
Q

reaction time, sensory acuity, muscular power, body proportions

A

intellectual strengths

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14
Q

measured natural abilities, and was the person who created the term, nature and nurture

A

Francis Galton

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15
Q

was asked to come up with a way to identify French school children in need of assistance in school; came up with mental age, and was not worried about the cause of someone’s mental age

A

Alfred Binet

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16
Q

birth age

A

chronological age

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17
Q

the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

A

mental age

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18
Q

worked at Stanford to come up with a revised test from Binet’s original intelligence test; came up with IQ

A

Lewis Terman

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19
Q

the widely used revision of Binet’s original intelligence test; was used during WWI to test newly-arriving immigrants and army recruits

A

Stanford-Binet Test

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20
Q

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100; now an average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

A

intelligence quotient (IQ)

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21
Q

test designed to assess what a person has learned (end of course exams)

A

achievement test

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22
Q

test designed to predict a person’s future performance (SAT, ACT)

A

aptitude test

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23
Q

The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

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24
Q

Similar to the WAIS, but for children

A

WISC

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25
Q

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested group

A

Standardization

26
Q

The symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

A

Normal curve

27
Q

Over time, average intelligence test performance rises

A

Flynn effect

28
Q

The extent to which a test yields consistent results; scores have to correlate

A

Reliability

29
Q

The same test is given in its entirety both times

A

Test-retest reliability

30
Q

Test is given in 2 parts at different times

A

Split-half reliability

31
Q

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

A

Validity

32
Q

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

A

Content validity

33
Q

Pertinent behavior

A

Criterion

34
Q

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

A

Predictive validity

35
Q

When tested at age 11 and then again at 80, scores correlated with a +.66

A

Stability of intelligence

36
Q

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life (mild to profound)

A

Intellectual disability (Mental retardation)

37
Q

A condition of intellectual disability and associated with physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

A

Down syndrome

38
Q

Integrating children with disabilities into regular classrooms to be educated in less restrictive environments

A

Mainstreaming

39
Q

Looked at kids who scored over 135 on the intelligence test

A

Terman’s study of gifted

40
Q

The label given to one, whether “not gifted” or “gifted”, may influence what they truly become

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

41
Q

Suited to each child’s talents, we can promote equity and excellence for all

A

Appropriate developmental placement

42
Q

Intelligence test scores are ______________ when identical twins take the test

A

Virtually the same, as if the same person took the same test twice

43
Q

If identical twins are raised apart, the scores are ______

A

Similar but not the same

44
Q

70% of variation in test scores can be attributed to _________

A

Genetic variation

45
Q

When Many genes seem to be involved

A

Polygenetic

46
Q

Scores of adoptive siblings correlate _______

A

Modestly

47
Q

Over time, ______________, not _________, become more apparent as we accumulate life experience

A

Genetic influences; environmental ones

48
Q

The variation in traits that can be attributed to genetic factors

A

Heritability

49
Q

Early neglect does affect brain damage and physical developmental; tutored human enrichment; target tutoring

A

Early environmental influences

50
Q

Government funded preschool program for families below the poverty level

A

Project Head Start

51
Q

Females are better; only about 30% of makes do better at this task than females

A

Spelling

52
Q

Females excel at verbal fluency and at remembering words

A

Vernal ability

53
Q

Females have an edge in remembering and locating objects

A

Nonverbal memory

54
Q

Females are more sensitive to touch, taste, and odor

A

Sensation

55
Q

Females are better decetors at this

A

Emotion-detecting ability

56
Q

Males and females obtained nearly the same scores; females are better at computation, while makes are better at problem solving

A

Math and spatial aptitudes

57
Q

There are more males at the outliers

A

Greater male variability

58
Q

Individual differences ______ a race are much greater than differences ______ races

A

Within; between

59
Q

Detect not only innate differences but also performance differences caused by cultural experiences

A

Popular sense of bias

60
Q

Detects the future behavior only only for some groups but not others

A

Scientific sense of bias

61
Q

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

A

Stereotype threat

Psychology (18 decks)

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