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Psychology > 14- Social Psychology > Flashcards

14- Social Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Underestimating the impact of a situation and overestimating the impact of personal disposition

A

Fundamental attribution error

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1
Q

Explaining someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation of the person’s predisposition

A

Attribution theory

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2
Q

Seeing ourselves in the situation

A

Self-serving bias

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3
Q

Feelings influenced by beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

A

Attitude

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4
Q

Attitude change path in which interested people focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

A

Central route persuasion

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5
Q

Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues

A

Peripheral route persuasion

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6
Q

Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

A

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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7
Q

A set of expectations about a social position that defines how those in the position ought to behave

A

Role

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8
Q

The theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

A

Cognitive dissonance theory

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9
Q

Mimicking other people’s behavioral acts

A

Chameleon effect

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10
Q

Attitude changes related to the people around you

A

Mood-linkage

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11
Q

Adjusting kne’s behavior to coincide with a group standard

A

Conformity

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12
Q

When a participant was asked to say which of the three lines is equal to the standard line given, and two people in the room, actors, said a line that was obviously not equal to it, the participant went along with what the other two people said

A

Solomon Asch study

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13
Q
  • one is made to feel impncompetent
  • group has at least 3 people
  • group is unanimous
  • one admires the group’s status
  • one has no prior commitments to any response
  • others in the group observes one’s behavior
  • one’s culture strongly encourages respect for social standards
A

Conditions that strengthen conformity

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14
Q

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

A

Normative social influence

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15
Q

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

A

Informational social influence

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16
Q

The shock level experiment between “teachers” and “students”

A

Milgram’s Studies

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17
Q
  • the person giving orders was close at hand and was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure
  • the authority figure was supported by a prestigious instituation/university
  • the victim was depersonalized or at a distance, even in another room
  • there were no role models for defiance; no other participants were seen disobeying the experimenter
A

When obedience was high

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18
Q

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

A

Social facilitation

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19
Q

If a task is ______, when people are around watching your skills appear to be worse

A

Extremely difficult

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20
Q

An activity or something someone does _____, they do better when people are watching

A

Well

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21
Q

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

A

Social loafing

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22
Q

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

A

Deindividuation

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23
Q

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

A

Group polarization

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24
Q

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
-examples: Bay of Pigs, Challenger explosion

A

Groupthink

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25
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

Culture

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26
Q

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; prescribe proper behavior

A

Norm

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27
Q

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

A

Personal space

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28
Q

Culture changes happen _______ from generation to generation

A

Quickly

29
Q

How individuals influence a group; have to stay firm and seem self-confident

A

Minority influence

30
Q

Usually negative; an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it’s members; generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

A

Prejudice

31
Q

A generalized belief about a group of people; sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized

A

Stereotype

32
Q

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it’s members; the action

A

Discrimination

33
Q

“Us”; people whom we share a common identity

A

In group

34
Q

“Them”; those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

A

Out group

35
Q

The tendency to favor our own group

A

Ingroup bias

36
Q

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

A

Scapegoat theory

37
Q

The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

A

Other race effect

38
Q

Overestimating the similarity of those within other groups

A

Outgroup homogeneity

39
Q

Shade our view of certain groups based on one person’s actions

A

Vivid cases

40
Q

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A

Just-world phenomenon

41
Q

When given an outcome, the belief that it was easily predicted beforehand

A

Hindsight bias

42
Q

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

Aggression

43
Q

Acts of aggression when stimulated

A

Amygdala

44
Q

There is _____ frontal lobe activity in violent criminals

A

Reduced

45
Q

______ levels of testosterone are linked to aggression! and _____ levels of serotonin are also linked to aggression

A

Increased; decreased

46
Q

The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression

A

Frustration-aggression principle

47
Q

People believe that some women invite or enjoy sexual assault

A

Rape myth

48
Q

Teach or release violence

A

Video games

49
Q

The idea that we feel better if we “blow off steam” by venting our emotions

A

Catharsis hypothesis

50
Q

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

A

Mere-exposure effect

51
Q

Matters to both men and women

A

Physical attractiveness

52
Q

Continuing the relationship when the rewards are greater than the costs

A

Reward theory of attraction

53
Q

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

A

Passionate love

54
Q

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

A

Companionate love

55
Q

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

A

Equity

56
Q

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

A

Self-disclosure

57
Q

Unselfish regard for the well being of others

A

Altruism

58
Q

The more people present, the less responsibility there is

A

Diffusion of responsibility

59
Q

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

A

Bystander effect

60
Q

The theory that social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

A

Social exchange theory

61
Q

An expectation that people will,help, not hurt, those who have helped them

A

Reciprocity norm

62
Q

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

A

Social-responsibility norm

63
Q

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A

Conflict

64
Q

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

A

Social trap

65
Q

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

A

Mirror-image perception

66
Q

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

67
Q

Contact, cooperation, communication, and conciliation

A

To resolve conflict

68
Q

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

A

Superordinate goals

69
Q

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction; a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

A

GRIT

70
Q

Kitty Genovese

A

Kitty Genovese

Psychology (18 decks)

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