14- Social Psychology Flashcards
Underestimating the impact of a situation and overestimating the impact of personal disposition
Fundamental attribution error
Explaining someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation of the person’s predisposition
Attribution theory
Seeing ourselves in the situation
Self-serving bias
Feelings influenced by beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Attitude
Attitude change path in which interested people focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Central route persuasion
Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues
Peripheral route persuasion
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A set of expectations about a social position that defines how those in the position ought to behave
Role
The theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
Cognitive dissonance theory
Mimicking other people’s behavioral acts
Chameleon effect
Attitude changes related to the people around you
Mood-linkage
Adjusting kne’s behavior to coincide with a group standard
Conformity
When a participant was asked to say which of the three lines is equal to the standard line given, and two people in the room, actors, said a line that was obviously not equal to it, the participant went along with what the other two people said
Solomon Asch study
- one is made to feel impncompetent
- group has at least 3 people
- group is unanimous
- one admires the group’s status
- one has no prior commitments to any response
- others in the group observes one’s behavior
- one’s culture strongly encourages respect for social standards
Conditions that strengthen conformity
Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Normative social influence
Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality
Informational social influence
The shock level experiment between “teachers” and “students”
Milgram’s Studies
- the person giving orders was close at hand and was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure
- the authority figure was supported by a prestigious instituation/university
- the victim was depersonalized or at a distance, even in another room
- there were no role models for defiance; no other participants were seen disobeying the experimenter
When obedience was high
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Social facilitation
If a task is ______, when people are around watching your skills appear to be worse
Extremely difficult
An activity or something someone does _____, they do better when people are watching
Well
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Social loafing
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Deindividuation
The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
Group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
-examples: Bay of Pigs, Challenger explosion
Groupthink
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; prescribe proper behavior
Norm
The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Personal space