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Psychology > 10- Personality > Flashcards

10- Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

the individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

personality

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2
Q

what we are aware of

A

conscious

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3
Q

outside of our awareness, but accessible

A

preconscious

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4
Q

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

A

unconscious

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5
Q

information processing of which we are unaware

A

contemporary view of unconscious

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6
Q

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to their mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

A

free association

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7
Q

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

A

psychoanalysis

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8
Q

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

A

id

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9
Q

demanding immediate gratification

A

pleasure principle

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10
Q

the largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of id, superego, and reality

A

ego

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11
Q

satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

A

reality principle

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12
Q

the part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations

A

superego

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13
Q

the childhood stages of development during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

A

psychosexual stages

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14
Q

pleasure centers on the mouth

A

oral stage (0-18 months)

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15
Q

pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

A

anal stage (18-36 months)

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16
Q

pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

A

phallic stage (3-6 years)

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17
Q

dormant sexual feelings

A

latency stage (6-puberty)

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18
Q

maturation of sexual intents

A

genital stage (puberty on-)

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19
Q

a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

A

Oedipus complex

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20
Q

the process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

A

identification

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21
Q

parallel to Oedipus complex but in girls

A

electra complex

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22
Q

a pleasure sensitive area of the body

A

erogenous zone

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23
Q

a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies of an easier psychosocial stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

A

fixation

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24
Q

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

defense mechanism

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25
Q

the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

A

repression

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26
Q

mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage

A

regression

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27
Q

mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

A

reaction formation

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28
Q

mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

A

projection

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29
Q

mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

A

rationalization

30
Q

mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulsed toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

A

displacement

31
Q

mechanism by which people re-channeled their unacceptable impulses into socially approached activities

A

sublimation

32
Q

mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities

A

denial

33
Q

m

A

Adler

34
Q

a

A

Horney

35
Q

;

A

Jung

36
Q

a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

A

collective unconscious

37
Q

childhood shapes personality and attachments; much of mental life is unconscious; struggle with inner conflicts among our wishes, fears, and values

A

psychodynamic theory

38
Q

a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

A

projective test

39
Q

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

40
Q

most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

A

Rorschach inkblot test

41
Q

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

A

terror-management theory

42
Q

one of the ultimate psychological needs that rises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved

A

self-actualization

43
Q

go beyond ordinary consciousness

A

peak experiences

44
Q

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

A

sources of growth promoting climate

45
Q

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

A

unconditional positive regard

46
Q

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?”

A

self-concept

47
Q

vague, subjective, individualistic, Western biased, naïve

A

criticisms to the humanistic perspective

48
Q

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act; description rather than explanation

A

trait

49
Q

Introversion vs extroversion
Emotional stability vs instability
Personality questionnaire

A

Eysenck and Eysenck

50
Q

Frontal love activity is _____ in extroverts and brain arousal is ____ in extroverts as well

A

Less; low

51
Q

Questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

A

Personality inventory

52
Q

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests; originally developed to identify emotional disorders

A

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)

53
Q

A test developed by testing a pool if items and then selecting those that discriminate groups

A

Empirically derived test

54
Q

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion

A

Big five factors

55
Q

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

A

Social-cognitive perspective

56
Q

Bandura’s thought that the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

A

Reciprocal determinism

57
Q

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

A

Personal control

58
Q

1- correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements
2- experiment by raising or lowering people’s sense of control

A

Ways to study personal control

59
Q

Perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

A

External locus of control

60
Q

The perception that you control your own fate

A

Internal locus of control

61
Q

The ability to control impulses and delay gratification

A

Self-control

62
Q

Experiencing no control over repeated bad events leads to feeling hopeless

A

Learned helplessness

63
Q

Having limitless experiences or choices brings information overload and a greater likelihood that we will feel regret over some of the unchosen options

A

Tyranny of choice

64
Q

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

A

Positive psychology

65
Q

Assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

Self

66
Q

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

A

Spotlight effect

67
Q

One’s feelings of high or low self-worth

A

Self-esteem

68
Q

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

A

Self-serving bias

69
Q

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s idenity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

A

Individualism

70
Q

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly

A

Collectivism

Psychology (18 decks)

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