10- Personality Flashcards
the individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
personality
what we are aware of
conscious
outside of our awareness, but accessible
preconscious
a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
unconscious
information processing of which we are unaware
contemporary view of unconscious
a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to their mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing
free association
Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
psychoanalysis
a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives
id
demanding immediate gratification
pleasure principle
the largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of id, superego, and reality
ego
satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
reality principle
the part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations
superego
the childhood stages of development during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
psychosexual stages
pleasure centers on the mouth
oral stage (0-18 months)
pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
anal stage (18-36 months)
pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
phallic stage (3-6 years)
dormant sexual feelings
latency stage (6-puberty)
maturation of sexual intents
genital stage (puberty on-)
a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Oedipus complex
the process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos
identification
parallel to Oedipus complex but in girls
electra complex
a pleasure sensitive area of the body
erogenous zone
a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies of an easier psychosocial stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
fixation
the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
defense mechanism
the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
repression
mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage
regression
mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites
reaction formation
mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
projection