5 Feb, 8 Feb Flashcards
mitigate
to reduce the degree of something -ve
[syn] Alleviate, palliate
Palliate
to reduce but not cure
toxin
poisonous or harmful
etymology
the study of words and their derivatives
eclipse
1) to darken
2) to minimize the importance of something or somebody (overshadow)
bolster
to support or strengthen
eg. to bolster the conclusion
degrade 3
de - down
1) humiliate (abase)
2) worsen
eg. his health degraded
the society degraded
3) to lower the grade
uncritically accept
to accept without critical analysis
eg. uncritically accepted the proposal
[ant] critically accept
critical 5
1) carefully judging
eg. critical analysis
2) disapproving or blaming
eg. the students are critical of the teacher
- 3) urgent / pressing/ exigent (requiring immediate attention otehrwise the consequence is unpleasant)
- 4) great
eg. critical importance
5) very serious
eg. the patient is in the critical condition
critical care
care of those who are in serious condition
appropriately acknowledge
critically accept
appropriate
1) allocate
eg. the budget was appropriated for road maintenance
2) to take illegally or capture
eg. her photograph was appropriated by the media
expropriate
to take private property by the govt. for public use
eg. the land was expropriated for the expansion of the road
acknowledge
1) to regard
eg. he was acknowledged as a good artist
2) accept
eg. he refused to acknowledge the charges of corruption
hotly dispute
angrily dispute
complementary
completing something
eg. a complementary chapter
intrinsic
1) as an inseparable part of property
eg. intrinsic brightness of stars
2) inherent
- peripheral 3
1) of the periphery
eg. the city and its peripheral villages
2) secondary
eg. peripheral profession
3) irrelevant or almost irrelevant
eg. peripheral essay/lecture
extraneous
unnecessary or irrelevant
convey
1) to communicate
eg. to convey the message
2) to take from one place to another
eg. the tourist was conveyed by bus
entail
1) cause or cause to happen
eg. to entail environmental damage
2) to include or require
eg. it entails much time and effort to prepare for the GRE
repress
oppress, suppress, quell, stifle, quash
eg. to repress feelings/demonstration
phenomenon
an uncommon activity, occurrence, or process ( it cants be understood or defined fully)
different than
different from
plethora
a large number or amount
eg. a plethora of questions
deleterious
harmful
[syn] pernicious, detrimental
(followed by a noun or ‘to’)
eg. the chemical is detrimental to the environment
detrimental impact
addictive
causing addiction
eg. addictive candy
antagonistic
1) causing trouble or anger
eg. antagonistic classmates
2) contrary / contrast (opposed opinions)
eg. antagonistic opinions
benign 4
1) kind
eg. a benign person
2) not causing death
eg. benign tumor
3) harmless or safe
eg. the environment of the space has been less benign
benign water table
4) optimistic
eg. i have benign views about my career
[syn] benignant
table
to postpone
convoluted
vol - revolving
complex or twisted
eg. convoluted path/structure
befog
be - verb, fog - kuhiro
to confuse
[syn] unnerve, obfuscate, muddle, puddle, addle, befuddle, bemuse, obscure
tax
to require much time and effort
eg. taxing job
heedful
sincerely attentive
[ant] heedless
heed
sincere attention
/v/ to pay sincere attention
eg. the govt. must heed to the public demands
inflated
exaggerated
employ
to use
eg. the teacher employed a new method
cabal
a small group of plotters (from hebrew)
artifice
trickery (cunning intelligence for personal benefits)
[syn] chicanery
hegemony
dominance (unfair influence)
eg. cultural hegemony
the hegemony of neighboring countries
imprecation
curse
eg. the muttered imprecation
mutter
to speak under breath that is unclear
unreceptive
unwilling to listen or agree
eg. unreceptive audience
[ant] receptive
pluck
great courage at difficult times
eg. the goalkeeper took pluck to catch the ball
plucky
having or showing courage at a difficult time
eg. a plucky patient / goalkeeper
ribald
vulgar (relating to sex)
eg. ribald songs
vulgar 2
1) that is not accepted by the society
eg. vulgar color
2) informal
eg. he speaks vulgar spanish
coarse
1) not smooth
eg. coarse sand/surface
2) fig. meaning - vulgar
eg. coarse language
traitorous
very unfaithful or disloyal
eg. a traitorous person
traitor
a person who betrays country or faith
[syn] turncoat
politic 2
1) tactful
2) wise
[ant] impolitic
treacherous 2
1) traitorous
2) difficult to deal with or face
eg. a treacherous problem/weather
conspicuous
spy - see
easy to see or notice
[ant] inconspicuous
menacing
threatening, evil, sinister
distinctive 2
1) different than others
2) of superior quality
eg. the teacher has a distinctive sense of humor
charisma
great charm to attract others
eg. charismatic leader
technical
relating to a typical subject
eg. the technical words of the english literature
prowess
great skill
eg. the military prowess
invigorate 2
in - into vigor - energy
1) to energize
eg. the morning walk invigorated me
2) fig. meaning - to make more active
eg. to invigorate economy / business
[syn] innervate
[ant] enervate
Eg. the traveler was enervated by the heat.
Enervated economy
tired
banal/not new
yearn
strongly desire
[syn] long / v/
crave
yearning
strong desire
[syn] longing, crave, yen
discernible
that can be noticed or understood for effort
eg. discernible handwriting/signature
[ant] indiscernible
discerning
(of a person/eyes)
able to distinguish
eg. a discerning critiques/ eyes
discern /v/
to notice or understand through effort
legislators
lawmakers
accede
to accept
eg. the govt acceded to the public demand
cherished 2
1) long enjoyed
eg. cherished friends/traditions
2) long held in mind and enjoyed
disquiet
upset
disquieting
upsetting
ignominious
ig - not nom - nomenclature (name)
causing public shame (disgraceful)
eg. ignominious end of the career
conspicuous
easy to see or notice
[ant] inconspicuous
obscurity 2
1) confusion or lack of clarity
2) the state of being hidden
indifference 2
1) apathy
2) avg, standard (neither good not bad)
mystique
something that causes great interest because something is hidden / missing or secret
fraudulent
intended to fraud
eg. fraudulent election/advertisement
fraudulent comment
Apocrypha 2
apo - god
1) religious rule (not approved by church )
2) something that is well known but lacks authenticity or verification
eg. the story is an apocrypha
[ant] canon
aprocryphal
well known but lacking authenticity or verification
eg. apocryphal stories/tale
verify
attest (to prove that something is true)
startling
very unusual or surprising
original 2
1) innovative (new)
eg. original idea
2) of the first kind (it has not been duplicated)
eg. original fashion
[ant] unoriginal
reinvent
to provide new look (remodel)
eg. the room was reinvented
the structure was reinvented
canon 3
1) religious rule approved by church
2) authentic work
eg. canon of devkota
3) approved rule
eg. the canon of taxation
canonize
to declare saint (usu. after death)
undo 3
1) loosen
2) fig. meaning - spoil
eg. he was undone by his lofty ambition
3) reverse/upend/to turn upside down
eg. to undo the convention
replicate
to copy or reprint
eg. the book was replicated in India
replica
copy or reprint
aquifer
porous rock that absorbs liquid
feasible
possible to do
[syn] viable, practicable,
eg. the practicable plan
remedial 2
1) intended to cure or treat
eg. remedial therapy
2) fig. meaning - intended to make better or improve
eg. remedial class/course
code of ethics
code of conduct
shore up
support (physical or logical)
eg. to shore up ceiling/ conclusion
[syn] prop up, undergird, underpin, underwrite - support (logic)
electorate
voters
besiege
be - verb siege - capture
beset (by -ve) (naramro kurale gherne)
eg. city was besieged by enemies
I am besieged by challenges or problems
trade something for
to start one thing by giving up previous
eg. i traded(stopped) my study for business (starting)
aloof
isolated (not having or showing concern)
placid
1) calm or peaceful
2) with slight or no movement
eg. placid water of the lake
restive 2
1) unable to remain calm (because you are bored or dissatisfied)
eg. restive students / audience
2) fig. meaning - mentally unsettled
eg. restive voters
skittish
1) nervously excited
eg. skittish horse / animal
2) fig. meaning - mentally unsettled
eg. skittish voters
tranquil
calm, peaceful
[syn] serene
vociferous
loud and forceful (usu. -ve)
eg. vociferous classmates
consensus
agreement
[syn] fact, accord
[ant] discord
accord
to provide
eg, he was accorded power
commonplace
1) ordinary
2) banal
disparate
dis - not par - similar
fundamentally different
eg. disparate opinions
disparity
difference
[ant] parity
divergent 2
1) different
eg. the divergent opinions
2) disagreeing
trite
banal
opera
a long musical play
aria
solo song for opera
tempo
speed of sound
orchestra
a large group of instrumentalist
conductor
a person who directs the orchestra
arbitrary
(of human activity without logic)
random
eg. arbitrary selection
arbitrary success
arbitrary ruler
capricious
(dohori) changeable or unpredictable (lacking pattern, system, logic)
eg. capricious music/behavior/decision
caprice
something that is unpredictable or changeable (lacking pattern, system, logic)
compelling 2
1) beautiful or attracting
eg. compelling eyes
2) very strong
eg. compelling reasons
presume
to consider something as true even if there is no evidence
angle
perspective
conviction 2
1) official blame by court
eg. a convicted murdered
2) strong belief
eg. firm conviction
cynic
cynic-dog
1) a person with a biased attitude
2) fig. meaning - a person with -ve attitude
cynical 2
1) biased
2) throwing -ve attitude
rationality
ratio- reason
reasoning or power of reasoning
rationale
reason or a set of reasons
diffidence 2
1) great care at doing something
2) fig. meaning - lack of confidence
insincere
pretending / not genuine
scrupulous
very careful and honest
eg. scrupulous teacher
unscrupulous
dishonest
entrench
very strong
eg. entrenched position
venal
taking bribe
eg. venal lawyer
venial
minor or insignificant (that can be forgiven)
eg. venial mistakes
distort
twist
eg. the plastic was distorted due to heat
the hen was badly distorted
objective 4
1) relating to object (grammar)
eg. objective pronouns such as ‘me’
2) based on test or experiment
eg. objective data
3) unbiased
eg. objective judgment
4) not theoretical
eg. objective test
redundant 2
1) unnecessary or unnecessarily repeated
eg. redundant writing / lecture
2) extra
eg. redundant organ
pithy 2
1) having soft and spongy part
eg. pithy orange / lemon
2) using few and effective words
eg. pithy writing
pith 3
1) soft and spongy part
eg, pith of orange/lemon
2) core (central point)
eg, the investigation was conducted into the pith of the subject matter
3) gist
eg. what is the pith of the story?
premature
too early
eg. premature prediction/birth of a child
incipient
beginning to grow but not fully developed (initial)
eg. incipient stage
[syn] inchoate
row
dispute or quarrel
predicament
very unpleasant situation
eg. the cold war was a predicament
fester 2
1) to become more infected and painful
eg. the wound festered
2) fig meaning - worsen (as the time passes by)
eg their relationship festered
heated
angry
demeanor
mental attitude/behavior
cognizant 2
1) aware
eg. i am cognizant of the fact
2) having a sense
eg. the cognizant beings
[ant] incognizant
partial
biased
phlegmatic
(usu +ve but GRE -ve)
Not easily upset, angry or excited (sometime -ve)
eg. phlegmatic parents
conciliatory
soothing (giving relief)
eg. conciliatory remarks
cantankerous
(kaan tanne) bad-tempered (often angry or annoyed)
eg. a cantankerous patient
Inscrutable
In - not struc-examine
That can’t be examined (mysterious)
Eg. Inscrutable mood
Contentious
Causing strong disagreement
Eg. Contentious issue / committee member
Characterized
To have a typical quality
Egregious
Very bad ie. noticeable
Eg. Egregious behavior
Negate 2
1) cancel out
2) to deny
In time
Sometimes
Benevolent
Greatly kind or generous
Eg. A benevolent social worker
Benevolent organization
Mercenary 2
1 ) earning money by any means
Eg. A mercenary politician
2) fighting for money
Eg. Mercenary soldier
Draconian
Very harsh
Eg. Draconian treatment to the prisoners
A draconian teacher
Intermittent
Inter-interval
With irregular interval
[ Syn] sporadic, occasional
Eg. Intermittent monsoon
Insipid 2
In-not sip-taste
1) tasteless
Eg. Insipid vegetables
2) uninteresting or unexciting
Eg. Insipid movie
[ syn ] bland
Legitimate
Genuine or legal
Eg. Legitimate concern
[ ant ] illegitimate
Prolocutor
Spokesperson
Despot 2
Desh lai pot ma halne
1 ) tyrant
Eg. The despotic ruler
2) fig meaning- A person who holds complete power
Eg. The despot of the company
Figurehead
A person without responsibility and power but with possession
[ syn ] titular person, nominal person
Nominal 2
1) of name only ( without responsibility and power)
Eg. He is the nominal head of the organization
2) very inexpensive
Eg. Nominal price / fee