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4/9 Flashcards

1
Q

cancers with elevated AFP

A

HCC or yolk sac tumors

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2
Q

postpartum blues timeline

A

should resolve after 2 weeks, longer it becomes depression

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3
Q

normal atrium and compliance

A

a normal atrium in not compliant, does not acutely increase in size

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4
Q

measurement test for acromegaly

A

IGF-1

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5
Q

ovarian mass with bilateral breast tenderness and thickened endometrium

A

granulosa cell tumor producing estrogen

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6
Q

tumor with virilization in females

A

sertoli-leydig cell tumors producing testosterone

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7
Q

typical age of biliary cyst

A

less than 10 y/o (biliary atresia is more common in infancy)

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8
Q

labial adhesions

A

can form in los estrogen states with trauma or irritation

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9
Q

treatment of mucormycosis

A

surgical debridement and amphotericin B

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10
Q

danger in guillain barre

A

diaphragm paralysis - do spirometry to check for involvement

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11
Q

antibiotics causing serum sickness

A

beta lactams or bactrim (not a true allergy, but meds should be avoided)

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12
Q

treatment of restless leg syndrome

A

dopamine agonists (pramipexole) or gabapentin

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13
Q

non-stimulant ADHD med

A

atomoxetine

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14
Q

treatment of airway obstruction in mono

A

corticosteroids

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15
Q

abdominal bruit with resistant hypertension

A

renal artery steonsis

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16
Q

treatment of bullous pemphigoid

A

high dose corticosteroid

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17
Q

HIV infection causing lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia - systemic symptoms

A

disseminated histoplasmosis

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18
Q

treatment of endometriosis

A

OCPs and NSAIDs

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19
Q

common initial symptoms of MS

A
  1. optic neuritis - vision loss, pain
  2. transverse myelitis - motor and sensory defects below lesion
  3. internuclear ophthalmoplegia - MLF defect
  4. cerebellar dysfunction
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20
Q

dystonia

A

sustained muscle contraction

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21
Q

essential tremor

A

intention tremor

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22
Q

athetosis

A

slow writhing movements in Huntington’s

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23
Q

lead tox manifestations

A

GI, neurological, hematologic (microcytic anemia)

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24
Q

first step after placental abruption

A

IV fluids

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25
Q

how to distinguish tricuspid valve murmurs

A

augmentation with inspiration

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26
Q

metformin and kidney disease

A

should be discontinued because can cause lactic acidosis in AKI and sepsis

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27
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity

A

ototoxicity and vestibulopathy

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28
Q

oscillopsia

A

feeling of object moving around in visual field, due to aminoglycosides tox, can be shown with head thrust

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29
Q

curative treatment of ITP

A

splenectomy

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30
Q

isolated systolic hypertension

A

due to increased stiffness in elderly patients in arterial walls

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31
Q

live vaccines in HIV patients

A

can administer if CD is above 200

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32
Q

test required prior to h pylori testing

A

EGD to rule out other stomach pathology

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33
Q

serotonin syndrome vs NMS

A

serotonin - lower fever, GI, neuromuscular irritability

NMS - high fever, rigidity

34
Q

timing of acetaminophen toxicity

A

less than 4 hours, can give charcoal

35
Q

treatment of anorexia nervosa

A

CBT, not antidepressants

36
Q

highest risk factor in osteopenia

A

previous fracture

37
Q

congenital dermal melanocytosis

A

in infants, over back and butt, fades over time

38
Q

xray findings of NEC

A

pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas, pneumoperitoneum

39
Q

cause of NEC

A

early feedings and bacterial introduction with low host defences in preterm neonates

40
Q

strabimus

A

ocular misalignment - treat with eye patch

41
Q

elevated MCHC

A

hereditary spherocytosis

42
Q

muscles in down syndrome babies

A

can have hypotonia with weak suck

43
Q

vitamin K acts on what factors

A

2, 7, 9, 10 and C/S

44
Q

most common cause of death in hemochromatosis

A

HCC

45
Q

livedo reticularis

A

skin findings secondary to emboli

46
Q

blood pressure drop during inspiration

A

pulsus paradoxus - due to cardiac tamponade - more venous return causing septum shift and decreased SBP

47
Q

causes of pulsus paradoxus

A

tamponade, COPD, asthma (drop in intrathoracic pressure causes blood pooling in pulmonary vessels

48
Q

cluster headache features

A

during sleep, behind one eye, sharp, 15-90 minutes, has sweating, facial flushing, lacrimation and pupillary changes

49
Q

treatment of cluster headaches

A

acute - oxygen and sumatriptan

prophylaxis - verapamil or lithium

50
Q

late stage alzheimer’s imaging

A

temporal lobe atrophy (memory loss and word finding difficulty)

51
Q

hematologic manifestation of methotrexate

A

macrocytic anemia - due to folate disruption

52
Q

bicarb absorption and metabolic acidosis in GI loss

A

result of chloride ion loss, not the cause of it

53
Q

treatment for myasthenic crisis

A

plasmapheresis, IVIG and corticosteroids

54
Q

triggers of psoriasis

A

skin trauma, withdrawal from steroids, infections (HIV and strep)

55
Q

treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

A

topical antifungals

56
Q

where does ankylosing spondylitis affect

A

ligamentous insertions

57
Q

urethral hypermobility is a cause of….

A

stress urinary incontinence

58
Q

treatment of somatic symptom disorder

A

SSRIs or CBT

59
Q

family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma should be evaluated for…

A

pheochromocytoma

60
Q

medical therapy for a fib

A

dilt, beta blockers, digoxin

61
Q

syphilis treatment in penicillin allergy

A

doxycycline (use desensitization in pregnancy)

62
Q

why avoid antidepressants in bipolar

A

can cause mania

63
Q

treatment of chorioamnionitis

A

IV antibiotics and labor augmentation

64
Q

steps for evaluating bilious emesis in neonate

A

xray to evaluate for air in the abdomen followed by contrast enema (looking for meconium ileus or Hirschprung)

65
Q

hyperechoic nodules and calcifications on ovarian ultrasound

A

dermoid cyst

66
Q

next step if iodine uptake is low in hyperthyroid

A

measure thyroglobulin

  • high in thyroiditis
  • low in exogenous
67
Q

traumatic injury causing neuro defect in kids

A

carotid dissection

68
Q

pregnancy with active HSV

A

C-section to decrease transmission

69
Q

magnesium is excreted by…

A

the kidney, can have toxicity when given with renal disease

70
Q

HTCZ and stones

A

can treat calcium stones (lasix can cause them)

71
Q

treatment of uric acid stones

A

alkalinization of urine with potassium citrate)

72
Q

concave abdomen and barrel shaped chest in neonate

A

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

73
Q

pseudogout on xray

A

calcification of articular cartilage

74
Q

graft vs host disease is caused by….

A

graft T cells

75
Q

treatment of cryptococcal meningitis

A

amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole

76
Q

thyroid hormone and OCPs

A

can increase total T4 due to increase in thyroid binding proteins from estrogen

77
Q

spherocytes can be seen in…

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

78
Q

types of fiber injuries in diabetes

A

small fiber = positive symptoms (pain, allodynia)

large = negative symptoms (numbness, loss of vibration and position sense)

79
Q

pathophysiology of tardive dyskenesia

A

dopamine receptor upregulation and supersensitivity

80
Q

herald patch seen in …

A

pityriasis roscea

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