4/9 Flashcards
cancers with elevated AFP
HCC or yolk sac tumors
postpartum blues timeline
should resolve after 2 weeks, longer it becomes depression
normal atrium and compliance
a normal atrium in not compliant, does not acutely increase in size
measurement test for acromegaly
IGF-1
ovarian mass with bilateral breast tenderness and thickened endometrium
granulosa cell tumor producing estrogen
tumor with virilization in females
sertoli-leydig cell tumors producing testosterone
typical age of biliary cyst
less than 10 y/o (biliary atresia is more common in infancy)
labial adhesions
can form in los estrogen states with trauma or irritation
treatment of mucormycosis
surgical debridement and amphotericin B
danger in guillain barre
diaphragm paralysis - do spirometry to check for involvement
antibiotics causing serum sickness
beta lactams or bactrim (not a true allergy, but meds should be avoided)
treatment of restless leg syndrome
dopamine agonists (pramipexole) or gabapentin
non-stimulant ADHD med
atomoxetine
treatment of airway obstruction in mono
corticosteroids
abdominal bruit with resistant hypertension
renal artery steonsis
treatment of bullous pemphigoid
high dose corticosteroid
HIV infection causing lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia - systemic symptoms
disseminated histoplasmosis
treatment of endometriosis
OCPs and NSAIDs
common initial symptoms of MS
- optic neuritis - vision loss, pain
- transverse myelitis - motor and sensory defects below lesion
- internuclear ophthalmoplegia - MLF defect
- cerebellar dysfunction
dystonia
sustained muscle contraction
essential tremor
intention tremor
athetosis
slow writhing movements in Huntington’s
lead tox manifestations
GI, neurological, hematologic (microcytic anemia)
first step after placental abruption
IV fluids
how to distinguish tricuspid valve murmurs
augmentation with inspiration
metformin and kidney disease
should be discontinued because can cause lactic acidosis in AKI and sepsis
aminoglycoside toxicity
ototoxicity and vestibulopathy
oscillopsia
feeling of object moving around in visual field, due to aminoglycosides tox, can be shown with head thrust
curative treatment of ITP
splenectomy
isolated systolic hypertension
due to increased stiffness in elderly patients in arterial walls
live vaccines in HIV patients
can administer if CD is above 200
test required prior to h pylori testing
EGD to rule out other stomach pathology
serotonin syndrome vs NMS
serotonin - lower fever, GI, neuromuscular irritability
NMS - high fever, rigidity
timing of acetaminophen toxicity
less than 4 hours, can give charcoal
treatment of anorexia nervosa
CBT, not antidepressants
highest risk factor in osteopenia
previous fracture
congenital dermal melanocytosis
in infants, over back and butt, fades over time
xray findings of NEC
pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas, pneumoperitoneum
cause of NEC
early feedings and bacterial introduction with low host defences in preterm neonates
strabimus
ocular misalignment - treat with eye patch
elevated MCHC
hereditary spherocytosis
muscles in down syndrome babies
can have hypotonia with weak suck
vitamin K acts on what factors
2, 7, 9, 10 and C/S
most common cause of death in hemochromatosis
HCC
livedo reticularis
skin findings secondary to emboli
blood pressure drop during inspiration
pulsus paradoxus - due to cardiac tamponade - more venous return causing septum shift and decreased SBP
causes of pulsus paradoxus
tamponade, COPD, asthma (drop in intrathoracic pressure causes blood pooling in pulmonary vessels
cluster headache features
during sleep, behind one eye, sharp, 15-90 minutes, has sweating, facial flushing, lacrimation and pupillary changes
treatment of cluster headaches
acute - oxygen and sumatriptan
prophylaxis - verapamil or lithium
late stage alzheimer’s imaging
temporal lobe atrophy (memory loss and word finding difficulty)
hematologic manifestation of methotrexate
macrocytic anemia - due to folate disruption
bicarb absorption and metabolic acidosis in GI loss
result of chloride ion loss, not the cause of it
treatment for myasthenic crisis
plasmapheresis, IVIG and corticosteroids
triggers of psoriasis
skin trauma, withdrawal from steroids, infections (HIV and strep)
treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
topical antifungals
where does ankylosing spondylitis affect
ligamentous insertions
urethral hypermobility is a cause of….
stress urinary incontinence
treatment of somatic symptom disorder
SSRIs or CBT
family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma should be evaluated for…
pheochromocytoma
medical therapy for a fib
dilt, beta blockers, digoxin
syphilis treatment in penicillin allergy
doxycycline (use desensitization in pregnancy)
why avoid antidepressants in bipolar
can cause mania
treatment of chorioamnionitis
IV antibiotics and labor augmentation
steps for evaluating bilious emesis in neonate
xray to evaluate for air in the abdomen followed by contrast enema (looking for meconium ileus or Hirschprung)
hyperechoic nodules and calcifications on ovarian ultrasound
dermoid cyst
next step if iodine uptake is low in hyperthyroid
measure thyroglobulin
- high in thyroiditis
- low in exogenous
traumatic injury causing neuro defect in kids
carotid dissection
pregnancy with active HSV
C-section to decrease transmission
magnesium is excreted by…
the kidney, can have toxicity when given with renal disease
HTCZ and stones
can treat calcium stones (lasix can cause them)
treatment of uric acid stones
alkalinization of urine with potassium citrate)
concave abdomen and barrel shaped chest in neonate
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
pseudogout on xray
calcification of articular cartilage
graft vs host disease is caused by….
graft T cells
treatment of cryptococcal meningitis
amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole
thyroid hormone and OCPs
can increase total T4 due to increase in thyroid binding proteins from estrogen
spherocytes can be seen in…
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
types of fiber injuries in diabetes
small fiber = positive symptoms (pain, allodynia)
large = negative symptoms (numbness, loss of vibration and position sense)
pathophysiology of tardive dyskenesia
dopamine receptor upregulation and supersensitivity
herald patch seen in …
pityriasis roscea
