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4/22 Flashcards

1
Q

long term side effect of intracranial hypertension

A

blindness - signs are usually headache and papilledema

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2
Q

treatment of intracranial hypertension

A

acetazolamide

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3
Q

PCOS risk of malginancy

A

endometrial due to unopposed estrogen exposure (they don’t have progesterone surge)

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4
Q

nocturnal chest pain

A

due to esophageal problems

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5
Q

murmur in tetralogy of fallot

A

harsh systolic ejection murmur due to pulmonary stenosis

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6
Q

is there postictal in absence seizures

A

no

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7
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis in children

A

s aureus

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8
Q

small round lucency with bone pain, pain relieved by NSAIDs

A

osteoid osteoma

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9
Q

sandpaper rash present on skin folds in children

A

scarlet fever

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10
Q

best way to manage diabetic nephropathy

A

strict blood pressure control

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11
Q

blood vessel layer in AAA

A

medial layer

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12
Q

intermittent asthma

A

using SABA less than 2 times per week, less than 2 night awakenings per month

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13
Q

spine involved in RA

A

cervical

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14
Q

very low MCV with target cells

A

thalassemia trait, don’t need treatment

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15
Q

tests for secondary amenorrhea

A

pregnancy, TSH, FSH, prolactin levels

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16
Q

xrays in frozen shoulder

A

usually normal

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17
Q

other endocrine labs in hypothyroid

A

increase in TSH and prolactin, leading to decrease in FSH and amenorrhea

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18
Q

major risk factor for endometrial cancer

A

obesity (estrogen)

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19
Q

goal O2 sat in pancreatitis

A

between 85-92% - PaO2 55-80 - want to avoid oxygen toxicity

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20
Q

ulcers on the sole of foot

A

usually diabetic, need to control A1C

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21
Q

cause of pleural effusion in Borhaaves

A

gastric content leak, usually on left

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22
Q

women more likely to have atypical MI symptoms

A

with diabetes

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23
Q

IBD with noncaseating granulomas

A

chrons

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24
Q

major risk of placental abruption

A

DIC due to tissue factor exposure

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25
Q

hypothyroid treatment in pregnancy

A

needs to be increased due to high estrogen and elevated binding proteins

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26
Q

evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia

A

videofluoroscopy barium swallow - can’t initiate swallow

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27
Q

BP med causing hearing loss

A

furosemide

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28
Q

hearing loss after meningitis

A

due to cochlear damage

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29
Q

clinical features of neonatal sepsis

A

irritability, difficulty feeding, can have hypothermia

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30
Q

treatment of hyperkalemia

A

calcium gulconate

31
Q

next step after mullerian agenesis

A

do renal ultrasound to check for renal abnormalities

32
Q

infiltrative disease causing restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

amyloidosis - presents with right heart failure

33
Q

mild cognitive impairment

A

lower MOCA but normal functional status

34
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

pseudomonas sepsis causing gangrenous ulcers due to vascular invasion - only in immunocompromised

35
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum

A

in IBD, neutrophilic dermatosis

36
Q

abnormal Rinne test suggests

A

conductive hearing loss

37
Q

initial test for suspected coarctation

A

measure in different extremities

38
Q

possible trigger of thyrotoxicosis

A

iodine load from contrast

39
Q

greatest risk factor for breast cancer

40
Q

lab test for thal vs iron deficiency

A

thal has lower MCV, iron has greater RDW

41
Q

in endocarditis, conduction problems should raise concern for…

A

abscess of the aortic valve

42
Q

DHEAS

A

produced primarily in the adrenals, would be high in an adrenal tumor but normal in ovarian tumor

43
Q

consistent uterine bleeding after OCP

A

refractory, concern for endometrial carcinoma

44
Q

hyposthenuria

A

inability of kidneys to concentrate urine, seen in sickle cell trait, due to sickling in the vasa recta

45
Q

dermal melanocytosis

A

mongolian patch, benign

46
Q

genetics of HOCM

A

autosomal dominant

47
Q

heart sounds in aortic stenosis

A

soft single S2

48
Q

DIP joints with dactylitis

A

psoriatic arthritis

49
Q

episodes of vertigo triggered by head movements

50
Q

treatment of sarcoid

51
Q

preeclampsia at less than 20 weeks is concern for…

A

hydatidiform mole

52
Q

toxicity with hydroxychloroquine

A

retinal toxicity

53
Q

treatment of flash pulmonary edema

A

furosemide, beta blockers are contraindicated

54
Q

lung issue in systemic sclerosis

A

interstitial lung disease

55
Q

alcohol neurotoxicity

A

cerebellar degeneration

56
Q

lung issues after UTI treatment

A

drug induced injury from nitorfurantoin

57
Q

lesions in disseminated gonococcal infection

A

2-10 lesions vesiculopustular - dismissed as pimples

58
Q

first line for alcohol use disorder

A

naltrexone and acamprosate

59
Q

cause of psychosis after starting med for parkinsons

A

dopamine agonists or levodopa

60
Q

drug induced acne

A

glucocorticoids, in upper back, shoulders and arms

61
Q

CA-125 based on age

A

much more useful in post-menopausal women

62
Q

endometriosis has greatest risk of developing…

A

infertility - can be only presenting symtpom

63
Q

bruising, petechiae and oozing from gums in child

64
Q

necrotizing malignant otitis externa

A

severe, in diabetics, treat with oral cipro

65
Q

initial study for fall with seizure

A

head CT - no contrast

66
Q

acidosis in CO poisoning

A

due to lactic acidosis from peripheral tissue ischemia

67
Q

urine sodium in hypovolemia

68
Q

cholesteoma

A

benign growth of keratin debris due to chronic middle ear disease

69
Q

long PTT in hemophilia refractory to meds

A

inhibitor development

70
Q

periarticular erosions on xray

71
Q

spondyloarthritis in bowel disease

72
Q

contraindication to raloxifene

73
Q

timeline of adjustment disorder

A

less than 3 months

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