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3/27 Flashcards

1
Q

indication for HRT in postmenopausal women

A

vasomotor symptoms

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2
Q

treatment of psychosis from Parkinsons

A

low dose antipsychotic like quetiapine

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3
Q

first line treatment for OCD

A

SSRI

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4
Q

digoxin main use

A

rate control in supraventricular arrhythmias, especially in patients with hypotension and heart failure - can worsen ventricular arrhythmias

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5
Q

treatment for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

A

amiodarone

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6
Q

cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

antipsychotic medications

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7
Q

volume of bladder cath that indicates urinary retention

A

over 150mls

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8
Q

greatest risk factor for cerebral palsy

A

prematurity - insults to brain development

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9
Q

symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy

A

hypertonia, hyperreflexia, equinovarus deformity of the feet, “commando crawl”

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10
Q

most common bugs in CF

A

s aureus first, then psuedomonas later - may need MRSA coverage with frequent hospitalizations

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11
Q

signs of elevated ICP in children

A

usually headache, but can be irritability with intractable vomiting and lethargy

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12
Q

x ray signs of pleural fluid

A

obscuring costophrenic angle, layering fluid on lateral decubitus

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13
Q

NF1

A

cafe au lait macules, freckles and Lisch nodules (hamartomas of the iris) - nerve sheath tumors

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14
Q

melasma

A

hyperpigmentation in sun exposed areas in pregnancy

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15
Q

mechanism for hypertension in thyrotoxicosis

A

primarily through ionotropic and chronotropic effects (actually decreases systemic vascular resistance - so pulse pressure widens)

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16
Q

symptoms of fibular nerve compression

A

foot drop, numbness/tingling over dorsal foot and lateral skin, impaired dorsiflexion, preserved plantar flexion

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17
Q

celiac disease and IgA anti-tissue antibodies

A

testing should be positive but may be negative with concurrent IgA deficiency - high high clinical suspicion, IgA levels should also be checked

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18
Q

two main manifestations of Chagas

A

megacolon/esophagus and cardiac disease

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19
Q

diseases associated with erythema nodosum

A

strep, sarcoid, TB, fungal disease, IBD and Bechets

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20
Q

hallmark of carcinoid syndrome

A

episodic flushing

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21
Q

normocytic anemia with osteolytic lesions

A

multiple myeloma

22
Q

early placenta previa

A

pelvic rest, no intercourse or digital exams - but most cases will resolve on their own - otherwise scheduled c-section at 36-37 weeks

23
Q

bleeding in kidney disease

A

uremic toxins cause platelet dysfunction

24
Q

possible treatments of alzheimers

A

donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine (cholinesterase inhibitors)

25
Q

acute back pain with point tendeness

A

vertebral compression fracture

26
Q

pharm treatment for calcium stones

A

thiazide diuretics

27
Q

benzos to use in liver disease

A

ones that only undergo phase II glucuronidation - LOT - lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam

28
Q

contents of Meckel’s

A

ectopic gastric mucosa - high acid can cause bleeding

29
Q

rabies prophylaxis in pet

A

observe for 10 days, no prophylaxis needed unless you can’t quarantine

30
Q

highest risk for preterm delivery

A

previous preterm delivery

31
Q

HCG in molar pregnancy

A

over 100,000

32
Q

decreasing HCG levels in first trimester

A

fetal demise

33
Q

JONES criteria of rheumatic fever

A 
Joint arthralgias
Heart - carditis
Nodules - subcutaneous
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
34
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

usually present in cases of childhood abuse

35
Q

key components of Korsakoff syndrome

A

retrograde and anterograde amnesia, confabulation, lack of insight and apathy

36
Q

brain anatomy affected in Korsakoff syndrome

A

anterior and medial thalami and corpus callosum - see mammillary body atrophy

37
Q

how TCAs can affect cardiac muscle

A

block sodium channels - give sodium bicarb to decreases drug avidity for sodium channels

38
Q

treatment of delrium

A

lose dose haloperidol

39
Q

potassium in HHS

A

may be high due to lack of insulin and high glucose, but total body stores are usually low due to osmotic diuresis

40
Q

cause of ARDS in pancreatitis

A

pancreatic enzymes leaking across lung vessels causing tissue damage

41
Q

kidney enlargement in pregnancy

A

physiologic hydronephrosis of pregnancy, requires no treatment

42
Q

urine dipstick with protein in kids

A

may be a false positive, may be orthostatic, retake 2 more measurements

43
Q

most common cause of isolated elevation of alk phos

A

Paget’s disease, usually normal calcium and phos

44
Q

serum ascites albumin gradient

A

higher than 1.1 = portal hypertension, lower = other causes

45
Q

treatment for intusseception

A

air enema

46
Q

mechanism for increased insulin resistance in pregnancy

A

increase in HPL which causes islet cell hyperplasia and insulin resistence

47
Q

optimization of glycemic control is best for what type of diabetic complications

A

microvascular - nephropathy and retinopathy

- otherwise macrovascular should be controlled with hypertension and smoking cessation

48
Q

cause of plantar warts

A

HPV infection

49
Q

activity after low back injury

A

should be continued, with short course of NSAIDs

50
Q

thyroid hormones in liver disease

A

lower thyroid binding, lower total T3/T4, normal serum, normal TSH

51
Q

kidney problems with lithium

A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and tubulointerstitial nephropathy

52
Q

breast exam following cystic drainage

A

follow up in 2 months for repeat exam

Step 2 (28 decks)

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