3/27 Flashcards
indication for HRT in postmenopausal women
vasomotor symptoms
treatment of psychosis from Parkinsons
low dose antipsychotic like quetiapine
first line treatment for OCD
SSRI
digoxin main use
rate control in supraventricular arrhythmias, especially in patients with hypotension and heart failure - can worsen ventricular arrhythmias
treatment for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
amiodarone
cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
antipsychotic medications
volume of bladder cath that indicates urinary retention
over 150mls
greatest risk factor for cerebral palsy
prematurity - insults to brain development
symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy
hypertonia, hyperreflexia, equinovarus deformity of the feet, “commando crawl”
most common bugs in CF
s aureus first, then psuedomonas later - may need MRSA coverage with frequent hospitalizations
signs of elevated ICP in children
usually headache, but can be irritability with intractable vomiting and lethargy
x ray signs of pleural fluid
obscuring costophrenic angle, layering fluid on lateral decubitus
NF1
cafe au lait macules, freckles and Lisch nodules (hamartomas of the iris) - nerve sheath tumors
melasma
hyperpigmentation in sun exposed areas in pregnancy
mechanism for hypertension in thyrotoxicosis
primarily through ionotropic and chronotropic effects (actually decreases systemic vascular resistance - so pulse pressure widens)
symptoms of fibular nerve compression
foot drop, numbness/tingling over dorsal foot and lateral skin, impaired dorsiflexion, preserved plantar flexion
celiac disease and IgA anti-tissue antibodies
testing should be positive but may be negative with concurrent IgA deficiency - high high clinical suspicion, IgA levels should also be checked
two main manifestations of Chagas
megacolon/esophagus and cardiac disease
diseases associated with erythema nodosum
strep, sarcoid, TB, fungal disease, IBD and Bechets
hallmark of carcinoid syndrome
episodic flushing
normocytic anemia with osteolytic lesions
multiple myeloma
early placenta previa
pelvic rest, no intercourse or digital exams - but most cases will resolve on their own - otherwise scheduled c-section at 36-37 weeks
bleeding in kidney disease
uremic toxins cause platelet dysfunction
possible treatments of alzheimers
donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine (cholinesterase inhibitors)
acute back pain with point tendeness
vertebral compression fracture
pharm treatment for calcium stones
thiazide diuretics
benzos to use in liver disease
ones that only undergo phase II glucuronidation - LOT - lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
contents of Meckel’s
ectopic gastric mucosa - high acid can cause bleeding
rabies prophylaxis in pet
observe for 10 days, no prophylaxis needed unless you can’t quarantine
highest risk for preterm delivery
previous preterm delivery
HCG in molar pregnancy
over 100,000
decreasing HCG levels in first trimester
fetal demise
JONES criteria of rheumatic fever
Joint arthralgias Heart - carditis Nodules - subcutaneous Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea
reactive attachment disorder
usually present in cases of childhood abuse
key components of Korsakoff syndrome
retrograde and anterograde amnesia, confabulation, lack of insight and apathy
brain anatomy affected in Korsakoff syndrome
anterior and medial thalami and corpus callosum - see mammillary body atrophy
how TCAs can affect cardiac muscle
block sodium channels - give sodium bicarb to decreases drug avidity for sodium channels
treatment of delrium
lose dose haloperidol
potassium in HHS
may be high due to lack of insulin and high glucose, but total body stores are usually low due to osmotic diuresis
cause of ARDS in pancreatitis
pancreatic enzymes leaking across lung vessels causing tissue damage
kidney enlargement in pregnancy
physiologic hydronephrosis of pregnancy, requires no treatment
urine dipstick with protein in kids
may be a false positive, may be orthostatic, retake 2 more measurements
most common cause of isolated elevation of alk phos
Paget’s disease, usually normal calcium and phos
serum ascites albumin gradient
higher than 1.1 = portal hypertension, lower = other causes
treatment for intusseception
air enema
mechanism for increased insulin resistance in pregnancy
increase in HPL which causes islet cell hyperplasia and insulin resistence
optimization of glycemic control is best for what type of diabetic complications
microvascular - nephropathy and retinopathy
- otherwise macrovascular should be controlled with hypertension and smoking cessation
cause of plantar warts
HPV infection
activity after low back injury
should be continued, with short course of NSAIDs
thyroid hormones in liver disease
lower thyroid binding, lower total T3/T4, normal serum, normal TSH
kidney problems with lithium
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and tubulointerstitial nephropathy
breast exam following cystic drainage
follow up in 2 months for repeat exam
