3/26 Flashcards
features of fetal alcohol syndrome
small palpebral fissures, absent philtrum and thin upper lip border, growth compromise and intellectual delay
features of down syndrome
flat facial profile, slanted palpebral fissures, low set ears, palmar crease, large space between toes
estrogen and thyroid
increases TBG, causing increase need for levothyroxine dose (this is only with oral)
when to treat the flu
risk factors - over 65, chronic medical problems, pregnancy or less than 2 days duration
diarrhea in HIV
- crypto = severe and watery
- microsporidium - no fever
- MAC - watery, high fever
- CMV - small volume, bloody, pain
antiemetic causing extrapyramidal symptoms
metoclopramide - dopamine antagonist
akathisia
restlessness, inability to sit still
treatment for acute dystonic reactions
anticholinergics or benadryl
severe features of preeclampsia
- BP above 160/110
- thrombocytopenia, high creatinine, LFTs, pulmonary edema, headaches
hypertensive drugs in pregnancy
hydralazine, labetalol (don’t use if brady), nifedipine
ectopic pregnancy with unstable vitals
surgical exploration
irregularly enlarged uterus, think….
fibroids, with AUB
PCOS symptoms with very high testosterone
sertoli-Leydig cell tumors - causing virilization
complex multiloculated adnexal mass
tubo-ovarian abscess
treatment of akathisia
decrease antipsychotic and add propranolol, benztropine or a benzo
kids with posttussive emesis
think pertussis
burr cells
spiculated RBCs seen in liver and ESRD
spur cells
acanthocytes in liver disease
next step in child with UTI
renal ultrasound for anatomic abnormalities
manifestations of CF
respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, failure to thrive, nosebleeds (due to vitamin deficiencies)
acute iron poisoning
damage to intestinal tract - abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding - metabolic acidosis
- opacities in stomach and intestines due to iron deposits
opacities on x-ray after ingestion
iron intoxification
curtain coming down over eyes
retinal detachment
expressive aphasia
Brocas area in frontal lobe
parietal lobe lesions
- dominant = contralateral sensory loss and inferior homonymous quadrantanopia
- nondominant = anosognosia and apraxia
cushing reflex
hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory depression
signs of intracranial hypertension
headaches worse at night, focal neuro symptoms, pain with leaning forward
(sinusitis will also have nasal discharge)
signs of theophylline toxicity
CNS stimulation, GI disturbances, cardiac toxicity
nephrotic syndrome in RA
amyloidosis
when to CT with pyelonephritis
no improvement in 72 hours
guillain barre pathophys
demyelination of peripheral nerve fibers
thrombocytopenia can be presenting symptoms in…
HIV or hep C
best initial test for ankylosing spondylitis
SI joint xray
retics and platelets in splenic sequestration
retic = high, trying to respond platelets = low, also stuck in spleen
fibromuscular dysplasia vessel affected
carotids and renal arteries
labs after starting lithium
BMP, calcium, thyroid and u/a
evaluation for endometrial cancer
transvaginal ultrasound or endometrial biopsy
most sensitive test for B12
elevated MMA
most common risk factor for orbital cellulitis is….
bacterial sinusitis
risks for SGA babies
hypoxia, asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and polycythemia (for EPO 2/2 hypoxia)
complications of primary biliary sclerosis
HCC, nutrient deficiencies, osteomalacia/osteoporosis
treatment of UTI in pregnancy
cephalexin, amox-clav, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin
treatment of afib with high CADS-VASC
warfarin or DOACs
best test for peripheral neuropathy
monofilament test
best medication for bacterial prophylaxis after solid organ transplatation
bactrim
epitrochlear lymphadenopathy
seen in syphillus
diffuse rash in STD
syphillus (palms and soles)
chemo drugs causing peripheral neuropathy
vinca alkaloid, cisplatin, taxanes
next step in child with hydrocephalus
CT/MRI
presentation of acute closure glucoma
severe eye pain, dilated pupil, poor light response, headache, nausea, vomting
erysipelas
sharply demarcated borders, caused by group A strep
testing for CGD
dihydrorhodamine 123 or nitroblue tetrazolium
blue fingers after getting vasopressors
norepi-induced vasoconstriction
elevated BUN/creatinine ratio in UG bleeds
increased urea production from intestinal breakdown of hemoglobin
filamentous, gram-positive, weakly acid fast lung organism
nocardia
