3.8-Obesity

Question 1

By BMI standards what fraction of Americans are obese?

Answer 1

1/3!!!!!!( 100 MILLION PEOPLE)

Question 2

REVIEW: Which fat body profile is more dangerous? Apple or Pair?

Answer 2

Apple, more fat above the hips is more dangerous

Question 3

On weight gain what happens to the adipocyte? Does it enlarge or divide? Or both?

Answer 3

Initially it enlarges, once it reaches its maximum it can divide and create more..gross

Question 4

Interesting graph: Out of the three: total Cholesterol, TAGs, and HDL two stay constant at obesity and one continues to increase. Which one?

Answer 4

TAGs continue to increase while total Cholesterol and HDL stay constant

Question 5

Why is the adipose above the waist so detrimental to health? What negative effect is triggered by its released hormones?

Answer 5

The adipose signalers cause chronic INFLAMMATION

Question 6

Which gene makes Leptin? Which gene makes the Leptin receptor?

Answer 6

“ob” makes Leptin, “db” makes the leptin receptor. They both need to be working :)

Question 7

Where are the db/leptin receptors found in the body?

Answer 7

The Brain! Suppress appetite!

Question 8

What does Leptin do to AMPK in the CNS? up/down What does Leptin do to appetite in the CNS? up/down

Answer 8

Leptin DECREASES AMPK in the brain/cns. Leptin DECREASES appetite in the brain/cns

Question 9

What does Leptin do to AMPK in the Liver/muscle?up/down What does Leptin do to FFA oxidation in the muscle/liver?up/down. What does Leptin do for Lipogenesis in the liver?up/down?

Answer 9

Leptin in Liver&Muscle= INCREASE AMPK….Leptin in liver&muscle=INCREASE FFA oxidation….Leptin in liver/mucsle= DECREASE Lipogenesis….REMINDS ME OF GLUCAGON/EPI!!!

Question 10

BRINGING BACK SOME NEURO!! Damage to what two hypothalamic regions are associated with overeating and obesity?

Answer 10

VentroMedial & ParaVentricular(And Arcuate) ALL MEDIAL

Question 11

BRINGING BACK SOME NEURO!! Damage to what region of the hypothalamus leads to anorexia and weight loss?

Answer 11

LATERAL Hypothalamic region.. Can I have someone damage this for me!? :)

Question 12

What part of the hypothalamus are Orexigenic neurons probably found? What are they telling the body to do?

Answer 12

Probably those lateral portions: telling the body to EAT and REST. (if lateral hypothal is damaged, then we stop eating :)

Question 13

What part of the hypothalamus are ANorexigenic neurons probably found? What are they telling the body to do?

Answer 13

Probably in the medial hypothal regions…Telling the body to WORKOUT and DONT EAT. YOU FAT P.O.S.! (ANEREXIC neurons are telling us not to eat :)

Question 14

Which hypothalamic neurons release: POMC, alpha-MSH, and CART?

Answer 14

Anorexigenic Neurons

Question 15

Which hypothalamic neurons release: NPY and AgRP?

Answer 15

Orexigenic Neurons

Question 16

What is the effect of leptin release on food intake and expenditure of energy?

Answer 16

Leptin signaling REDUCES food intake (inhibiting the lateral hypthal) and STIMULATES expenditure of energy (stimulating the medial hypothal–AKA ANorexigenic neurons!!!)

Question 17

What protein is used to make heat in brown fat at due to the leptin pathway?

Answer 17

Uncoupling protein, getting H+’s back into the mitochondria

Question 18

What does insulin tell the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

STOP EATING!

Question 19

Where are CCK and GLP-1 released from?

Answer 19

The intestines!

Question 20

What two target organs does GLP-1 act on?

Answer 20

Pancreas and Brain

Question 21

What is the ONLY hunger hormone? CRAZY I know. What needs to attach to the base protein to activate it?

Answer 21

GH-REL-IN (growling stomach).. A Fatty Acid.

Question 22

What neurons of the hypothal are signaled by Ghrelin?

Answer 22

Orexigenic neurons to see food