3.8-Obesity Flashcards
By BMI standards what fraction of Americans are obese?
1/3!!!!!!( 100 MILLION PEOPLE)
REVIEW: Which fat body profile is more dangerous? Apple or Pair?
Apple, more fat above the hips is more dangerous
On weight gain what happens to the adipocyte? Does it enlarge or divide? Or both?
Initially it enlarges, once it reaches its maximum it can divide and create more..gross
Interesting graph: Out of the three: total Cholesterol, TAGs, and HDL two stay constant at obesity and one continues to increase. Which one?
TAGs continue to increase while total Cholesterol and HDL stay constant
Why is the adipose above the waist so detrimental to health? What negative effect is triggered by its released hormones?
The adipose signalers cause chronic INFLAMMATION
Which gene makes Leptin? Which gene makes the Leptin receptor?
“ob” makes Leptin, “db” makes the leptin receptor. They both need to be working :)
Where are the db/leptin receptors found in the body?
The Brain! Suppress appetite!
What does Leptin do to AMPK in the CNS? up/down What does Leptin do to appetite in the CNS? up/down
Leptin DECREASES AMPK in the brain/cns. Leptin DECREASES appetite in the brain/cns
What does Leptin do to AMPK in the Liver/muscle?up/down What does Leptin do to FFA oxidation in the muscle/liver?up/down. What does Leptin do for Lipogenesis in the liver?up/down?
Leptin in Liver&Muscle= INCREASE AMPK….Leptin in liver&muscle=INCREASE FFA oxidation….Leptin in liver/mucsle= DECREASE Lipogenesis….REMINDS ME OF GLUCAGON/EPI!!!
BRINGING BACK SOME NEURO!! Damage to what two hypothalamic regions are associated with overeating and obesity?
VentroMedial & ParaVentricular(And Arcuate) ALL MEDIAL
BRINGING BACK SOME NEURO!! Damage to what region of the hypothalamus leads to anorexia and weight loss?
LATERAL Hypothalamic region.. Can I have someone damage this for me!? :)
What part of the hypothalamus are Orexigenic neurons probably found? What are they telling the body to do?
Probably those lateral portions: telling the body to EAT and REST. (if lateral hypothal is damaged, then we stop eating :)
What part of the hypothalamus are ANorexigenic neurons probably found? What are they telling the body to do?
Probably in the medial hypothal regions…Telling the body to WORKOUT and DONT EAT. YOU FAT P.O.S.! (ANEREXIC neurons are telling us not to eat :)
Which hypothalamic neurons release: POMC, alpha-MSH, and CART?
Anorexigenic Neurons
Which hypothalamic neurons release: NPY and AgRP?
Orexigenic Neurons
What is the effect of leptin release on food intake and expenditure of energy?
Leptin signaling REDUCES food intake (inhibiting the lateral hypthal) and STIMULATES expenditure of energy (stimulating the medial hypothal–AKA ANorexigenic neurons!!!)
What protein is used to make heat in brown fat at due to the leptin pathway?
Uncoupling protein, getting H+’s back into the mitochondria
What does insulin tell the hypothalamus?
STOP EATING!
Where are CCK and GLP-1 released from?
The intestines!
What two target organs does GLP-1 act on?
Pancreas and Brain
What is the ONLY hunger hormone? CRAZY I know. What needs to attach to the base protein to activate it?
GH-REL-IN (growling stomach).. A Fatty Acid.
What neurons of the hypothal are signaled by Ghrelin?
Orexigenic neurons to see food
