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Metabolism > 2.7-CHOLESTEROL=CATALINA WINE MIXER > Flashcards

2.7-CHOLESTEROL=CATALINA WINE MIXER Flashcards

1
Q

How many carbons are in a cholesterol molecule?

A

27 (is it odd that this lecture is #2.7?)

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2
Q

Perspective: What are the 4 steps of CHOLESTEROL synthesis?

A
  1. MEL-VAL-ON-ATE (6C) Formation 2. Formation of an ISO-PREN-OID (5C) 3. Condensation of ISO-PRE-NE to SQUAL-ENE 4. Cyclization of SQUAL-ENE to MF’n Cholesterol!
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3
Q

Where does Cholesterol synthesis occur?

A

The MF’n cytoplasm

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4
Q

How many molecules of Acetyl CoA are used to make Mel-Val-On-Ate in the first step of Cholesterol Syn?

A

3 AcetylCoA= 6C in MelValOnAte

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5
Q

What is the rate limiting step in Melvalonate Formation? HUGE Freaking Question! Billions of dollars spent on regulating this rxn to lower cholesterol!!!

A

HMG-CoA—–>MelValOnAte using HMG-CoA Reductase. Block the reductase, block cholesterol syn! Saving lives, people helping people. Its powerful stuff.

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6
Q

What is Mitochondrial HMG-CoA used to make?

A

Ketone Bodies

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7
Q

What is the beginning reactant of Step 2 of Cholesterol Syn and what is the end product? How many Cs in each?

A

Begin with MelValOnAte (6C) and end with an IsoPrenOid (5C)…We lose a C by decarboxylatoin (CO2)

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8
Q

How much ATP does Step 2 of Cholesterol Synthesis need?

A

3 ATP needed

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9
Q

How many Cs do we start Step 3 of Cholesterol Synthesis with? How many do we end Step 3 with? What are the names of these structures?

A

Start with 5Cs (IsoPenTenYL Pyrophosphate) and end with 30!!!! (Squalene)

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10
Q

What two main things have to happen to turn Squalene to Cholesterol in Step 4 of Cholesterol Synthesis? What is the name of the intermediate?

A
  1. It has to become cyclic to become LAN-O-Sterol (30Cs) 2. 19 MORE STEPS to get from Lan-O-Sterol to Cholesterol(27Cs)!!!!
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11
Q

What is Cytosolic HMG-CoA used to make?

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

WTF is SCAP?

A

SREBP Cleavage-Activaing Protein

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13
Q

WTF is SREBP?

A

Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein

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14
Q

What is the regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis when there is a HIGH [cholesterol]?

A

SCAP sequesters SREBP in the ER (the cop has arrested the criminal)

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15
Q

What is the regulation of cholesterol synthesis in LOW [cholesterol]? Tell me a story :)

A

SCAP-SREBP complex leaves ER and enters the golgi. SREBP breaks off on own and enters the NUCLEUS to become a transcription factor..

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16
Q

Would blocking the ReUp of bile back to the liver lower or raise cholesterol?

A

Blocking Bile ReUptake would lower cholesterol

17
Q

What are the two products of bile from cholesterol? review…

A

GlycoCholate & TauroCholate

18
Q

What makes Vitamin D a steroid WANNABE? What starts its synthesis?

A

It would look like a steroid, but one of the rings is broken…Synthesized by sunlight hitting cholesterol

19
Q

Which hormone promotes the breakdown of cholesterol to sex hormones?

A

ACTH

20
Q

What is the enzyme that cleaves Cholesterol in the first step of sex hormone synthesis?

A

Des-Mol-Ase

21
Q

What is the CROSSROADS molecule in sex hormone formation?? How many Cs?

A

PRE-GNEN-OL-ONE (21Cs)

22
Q

What is PRE-GNEN-OL-ONE converted to before it can be made into a sex hormone?

A

PRE-GNEN-OL-ONE—–>PRO-GES-TA-GEN (then you can make your precious hormones…)

23
Q

Review (or should be haha :) :What is the CROSSROADS molecule for deciding to make a TAG or a PL?

A

Phosphidate

24
Q

What is the nucleotide involved with PL synthesis?

A

CDP-DiGlyceride (like in Glycogen syn but that was UDP)

25
Q

What were the 4 options for PLs again? :)

A

Choline, Serine, Inositol, and Ethanolamine

26
Q

What is the molecule used in interconversion and salvage of PLs?

A

SAM

27
Q

What are the two path defining enzymes in Eicosanoid formation from AR-ACH-ID-ONIC ACID? What two products do they yield?

A
  1. LOX yields LeukoTriEne 2. COX yields Prostaglandin (which yields Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins)
28
Q

Which Omega EiCoSanOids are anti-inflammatory? Which ones Pro-Inflammatiory?

A

Pro-Inflammatory: Omega-6s (tons in our diet) Anti-Inflammatory: Omega 3s (Harder to find in the diet)

29
Q

make a fc for essential aas

A

ees

30
Q

n-acyl glutamate

A

carbamoyl phos syn

31
Q

what does the statin drug family inhibit?

A

hmg coa reductase

32
Q

Linoleic is what omega #?

A

omega 6

33
Q

Linolenic is what omega #?

A

omega 3

Metabolism (35 decks)

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