1.7-CarbStructure&Digestion

Question 1

What is the number of monosacc’s in an oligosaccharide?

Answer 1

2-12 monosaccharides

Question 2

What is the number of monosacc’s in Polysaccharides?

Answer 2

More then 12 monosaccharides

Question 3

Are most of the sugars we use in our body D or L?

Answer 3

D (Most AminoAcids are L…go figure!)

Question 4

What is an epimer?

Answer 4

A difference on only 1 carbon. The example just flipped the subsitiuents.

Question 5

What is formed when joining the penultimate carbon with the OH group on the 5C?

Answer 5

A Hemi-Acetal Linkage

Question 6

What is the term for a 6 membered ring?

Answer 6

Pyranose

Question 7

What is the term for a 5 membered ring?

Answer 7

Furanose

Question 8

What is a monosaccharide that forms 2 different stereoisomers?

Answer 8

Anomer

Question 9

Which formation occurs when the OH group is BELOW the primary Carbon?

Answer 9

Alpha (Remember “fish” swim below the water & BETA=birds fly above the water)

Question 10

What are the two groups involved in a disaccharide connection?

Answer 10

The OH group of one Anomer CONDENSES(release H20) with the OH of another monosaccaride

Question 11

What are the sugars in maltose? Which 2 C’s used? What type of bond?

Answer 11

Glucose + Glucose…C’s1,4 ALPHA

Question 12

What are the sugars in Sucrose? Which 2 C’s used? What type of bond?

Answer 12

Glucose + Fructose…C’s 1,2 ALPHA

Question 13

What are the sugars in Lactose? Which 2C’s used? What type of bond?

Answer 13

Glucose + Galactose…C’s 1,4 BETA

Question 14

What type of linkages do the glucose molecule of Cellulose have?

Answer 14

1,4 BETA (out body CANNOT digest)

Question 15

What are the two types of starch (only made by plants, dog)? What types of bonds do they have?

Answer 15

Amylose w/ 1,4 Alpha bonds. Amylopectin with 1,6 alphas branching

Question 16

What is the complex polysaccharide made in animals? What type of linkages?

Answer 16

Glycogen 1,6 alpha bonds

Question 17

Which is more branched glycogen or amylopectin?

Answer 17

Glycogen

Question 18

What digests food in the mouth? Small Intestine (2 types)?

Answer 18

Mouth: Salivary Amylase Small Intestine: Pancreatic Amylase & brush boarder enzymes

Question 19

What are the 4 brush boarder enzymes we discussed?

Answer 19

Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase, Isomaltase

Question 20

Which 2 brush boarder enzymes take over after amylase has chopped down some starch?

Answer 20

Maltase & IsoMaltase

Question 21

What are the three specific saccades that maltase and isomaltase breakdown to glucose?

Answer 21

1. Maltose 2. MaltoTriose 3. alpha-limit Dextrin

Question 22

What type of transporter gets glucose from the lumen of the small intestine into an enterocyte? What ion is involved?

Answer 22

A sodium SYMporter

Question 23

What type of transport protein gets the cell from the enterocyte to the blood? What type of transport is it?

Answer 23

A GLUT! (GLUcoseTransporter). FACILITATED diffusion

Question 24

What do bacteria do to lactose that causes diarrhea?

Answer 24

They break up the lactose into too many fragments bringing water into the intestine and H2 gas out the mouth.

Question 25

What are the two enzymes that are made together and then cut apart by trypsin? Greenland’s eskimos have a problem with these…

Answer 25

Sucrase-Isomaltase

Question 26

What is the saccaride that cements S. Mutans to teeth? What is the hard bond to break in this polysaccharide?

Answer 26

DexTRAN…Its oddball 1,3 alpha. So hard to break up the biofilm