1.7-CarbStructure&Digestion Flashcards
What is the number of monosacc’s in an oligosaccharide?
2-12 monosaccharides
What is the number of monosacc’s in Polysaccharides?
More then 12 monosaccharides
Are most of the sugars we use in our body D or L?
D (Most AminoAcids are L…go figure!)
What is an epimer?
A difference on only 1 carbon. The example just flipped the subsitiuents.
What is formed when joining the penultimate carbon with the OH group on the 5C?
A Hemi-Acetal Linkage
What is the term for a 6 membered ring?
Pyranose
What is the term for a 5 membered ring?
Furanose
What is a monosaccharide that forms 2 different stereoisomers?
Anomer
Which formation occurs when the OH group is BELOW the primary Carbon?
Alpha (Remember “fish” swim below the water & BETA=birds fly above the water)
What are the two groups involved in a disaccharide connection?
The OH group of one Anomer CONDENSES(release H20) with the OH of another monosaccaride
What are the sugars in maltose? Which 2 C’s used? What type of bond?
Glucose + Glucose…C’s1,4 ALPHA
What are the sugars in Sucrose? Which 2 C’s used? What type of bond?
Glucose + Fructose…C’s 1,2 ALPHA
What are the sugars in Lactose? Which 2C’s used? What type of bond?
Glucose + Galactose…C’s 1,4 BETA
What type of linkages do the glucose molecule of Cellulose have?
1,4 BETA (out body CANNOT digest)
What are the two types of starch (only made by plants, dog)? What types of bonds do they have?
Amylose w/ 1,4 Alpha bonds. Amylopectin with 1,6 alphas branching
What is the complex polysaccharide made in animals? What type of linkages?
Glycogen 1,6 alpha bonds
Which is more branched glycogen or amylopectin?
Glycogen
What digests food in the mouth? Small Intestine (2 types)?
Mouth: Salivary Amylase Small Intestine: Pancreatic Amylase & brush boarder enzymes
What are the 4 brush boarder enzymes we discussed?
Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase, Isomaltase
Which 2 brush boarder enzymes take over after amylase has chopped down some starch?
Maltase & IsoMaltase
What are the three specific saccades that maltase and isomaltase breakdown to glucose?
- Maltose 2. MaltoTriose 3. alpha-limit Dextrin
What type of transporter gets glucose from the lumen of the small intestine into an enterocyte? What ion is involved?
A sodium SYMporter
What type of transport protein gets the cell from the enterocyte to the blood? What type of transport is it?
A GLUT! (GLUcoseTransporter). FACILITATED diffusion
What do bacteria do to lactose that causes diarrhea?
They break up the lactose into too many fragments bringing water into the intestine and H2 gas out the mouth.
