1.1-BasicPrinciples Flashcards
What does a series of linked, enzyme-catalyzed reactions constitute?
a metabolic PATHWAY
What is another word for a metabolic intermediate?
A metabolite
What should we always assume is present during a pathway?
An enzyme!
What are the two main components of metabolism? What is the definition of each?
Catabolism: GENERATE energy to drive vital reactions, and Anabolism: the SYNTHESIS of biological molecules
What are the three main properties of catabolic pathways?
- EXERGONIC 2. OXIDATIVE(electrons are transferred to NAD+ and NADP+) 3. Energy temporarily captured as ATP
Is the catabolic pathway LEO or GER? OIL or RIG?
LEO/OIL so catabolic pathway is loss of electrons which means they are reducing agents
What are the three main stages of catabolism?
- Hydrolysis of complex molecules to monomers 2. Convert them to Acetyl-CoA in mitochondria 3. Oxidize the Acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O
What are the three properties of anabolic pathways?
- Endergonic 2. Reductive (hydride ions from NADPH used) 3. ATP is consumed during biosynthesis
Besides calories, what does food provide so cells can make their own molecules? (Interesting, I’ve never thought of this before) :)
Carbon Skeletons
What are the two molecules made for long term energy storage?
Glycogen and Triacylglycerol
What are our two sexy strippers?
NAD+ and FAD they are our electron strippers (oxidizing agent)
What is NAD+ picking up? What does it become?
2 electrons and a PROTON (not a hydrogen atom) (or a H atom AND an electron)….This will make it become NADH
What does a high amount of NAD+ in the cell mean?
That the cell is hungry, low in energy
What is FAD picking up? What does it become?
2 Hydrogen Atoms (so 2 electrons)…..It becomes FADH2
Which taxi cab do we use in catabolism?
NAD+
Which taxi cab do we use in Anabolism?
NADP+
What type of reaction is it going to be when you see a “dehydrogenase” involved?
Must be a Redox reaction!
Which reaction type produces low molecular weight and energy poor products?
Catabolism
Which reaction type produces diverse, large molecular weight, and energy rich products?
Anabolism
What happens when metabolic pathways go unregulated and catabolism and anabolism occur at the same rate?
FUTILE cycling
What are the three ways we can separate catabolic and anabolic pathways to prevent futile cycling?
- Use different enzymes 2. Different compartments 3. Keep enzymes organized together “pass the baton”
What is the term for the amount of energy capable of doing work (at a const. T and P)?
Gibbs Free Energy
What 3 main things do we use Gibbs free energy for?
Building molecules, maintaining [ ] gradients, and contracting muscles
How do I find DELTA G? (The change in G)
Products- Reactants
