2.5-FAOxidation & KetoGenesis

Question 1

Which hormone blocks the break up of TAGs? Which two partner hormones activate the break up of TAGs?

Answer 1

Block: Insulin (we’re full, lets make more TAGs) Activate: Glucagon/Epi (We’re hungry, lets use fat as fuel!)

Question 2

Which hormone typically causes a phosphorylation event?

Answer 2

Glucagon!

Question 3

What type of lipase does glucagon activate in a cell?

Answer 3

TAG Lipase to break it up!

Question 4

What is the fate of the Glycerol backbone after the TAG is broken up? 2 options.

Answer 4

Glycolysis or GNG

Question 5

How is the FA trapped in a cell again? What enzyme?

Answer 5

FACS FattyAcyl CoA Synthase

Question 6

What does Fatty Acyl CoA need to be converted to in order to enter the mitochondria? What enzyme helps this? Whats another name for this enzyme?

Answer 6

Goes to Acyl CARNITINE! Enzyme: CPT1(Carnitine AcylTransferase I)

Question 7

What transport protein gets Acyl Carnatine into the mit matrix WHILE getting unused Carnitine back out of the matrix?

Answer 7

CAT

Question 8

What enzyme converts acyl carnitine BACK to Fatty Acyl CoA once inside the Mit Matrix?

Answer 8

CPT2!!

Question 9

What must happen if a FA chain is greater then 20Cs? What is a potentially harmful by product?

Answer 9

Break it down to 18Cs in a Peroxisome.. H2O2 byproduct

Question 10

What is an Inhibitor of converting Fatty Acyl CoA to Acyl Carnitine ( therefor STOPPING oxidation and promoting fat synthesis!)

Answer 10

MAL-ON-YL CoA

Question 11

How many Acetyl CoAs, NADHs, and FADH2s are we going to get from Palmitate?

Answer 11

8 Acetyl CoAs, 7NADH, 7FADH2

Question 12

What are the 4 steps for Beta Oxidation?

Answer 12

Oxidation Hydration Oxidation Thiolysis

Question 13

Between which two Cs am I going to cut the chain?

Answer 13

Alpha and Beta!

Question 14

What are the two products of very long fa oxidation in the peroxisome?

Answer 14

Octanoyl CoA and Acetyl CoA

Question 15

Which vitamin is needed for ODD numbered oxidation? What is the product of ODD numbered ox?

Answer 15

Vitamin B12, product is Propionyl-CoA (3Cs) (Actual path 3C Prop–>methyl.—using B12—->Succinyl—CAC)

Question 16

What needs to happen to Unsaturated FAs before they can be oxidized? What do we lose as a result?

Answer 16

They are ISOMERIZED! We lose a FADH2 :(

Question 17

What are Unsaturated fats isomerized to before they are oxidized?

Answer 17

trans-delta2-Enoyl CoA

Question 18

What are the 3 products of Ketogenesis?

Answer 18

A-SEE-TO-ASS-EH-TATE, ASS-EH-TONE, & D-3-HY-DROXY-BUT-YR-ATE

Question 19

Where is KetoGenesis happening?

Answer 19

the Matrix

Question 20

Which molecule (also involved in Cholesterol Syn) is going to be broken down into our three Ketogenesis products?

Answer 20

3H-3-MG-CoA

Question 21

What is the result of uncontrolled ketone body production?

Answer 21

Keto-acid-osis

Question 22

Which biomolecule metabolism is necessary to get all the fuel out of fats?

Answer 22

Carb metabolism! Keep the CAC going for fats to use

Question 23

How many rounds of B-Oxidation are needed for 18C FA to Acetyl CoA?

Answer 23

8 (9Acetyl CoA-1=#of oxidations)

Question 24

The rate of B-Oxidation decreased by…

Answer 24

high FADH2, NADH, Insulin, and MalonylCoA….???!!!

Question 25

Where does B Oxidation occur?

Answer 25

Mitocondria

Question 26

They only way to distribute ketone bodies in the blood is thru _____.

Answer 26

acetyl CoA

Question 27

We can’t do FA oxidation until the fat is down to less than ___ carbons. Where does it get broken down to this point?

Answer 27

18…peroxisome will break down a fat until its 18 c

Question 28

Palmitic Acid 16C’s: at the end of beta oxidation we get ___ NADH, ____ FADH2,, ___ acetyl CoA

Answer 28

7 NADH, 7 FADH2, 8 acetyl CoA