[35] Nutritional Biochemistry Flashcards
What is nutritional biochemistry?
The study of how diet and nutrition influence the body at the molecular level.
Define macronutrients.
Nutrients required in large amounts for energy and growth:
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
Define micronutrients.
Nutrients required in smaller amounts but essential for various physiological functions:
- Vitamins
- Minerals
What is the role of carbohydrates?
They provide energy for the body, particularly the brain and the nervous system.
What is the role of proteins?
They help build, maintain, and repair tissues in the body.
What is the role of fats?
They provide energy, insulate the body, and help absorb vitamins.
What is the role of vitamins?
They support various body functions such as immunity, energy production, and blood clotting.
What is the role of minerals?
They are involved in various processes such as bone health, fluid balance, and metabolic function.
Define essential nutrients.
Nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from the diet.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature. <br></br> Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are typically liquid at room temperature.
What is the role of dietary fiber?
It aids in digestion, helps control blood sugar levels, and may prevent certain types of disease.
What are antioxidants?
Substances that protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of conditions, including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels, that together increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
What is malnutrition?
A condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much.
What is obesity?
A disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems.
