[09] DNA and RNA, Composition and Structure

Question 1

What are DNA and RNA?

Answer 1

Nucleic acids that carry genetic information.

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 3

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid.

Question 4

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

• A sugar
• A phosphate
• A nitrogenous base

Question 5

What sugar is found in DNA?

Answer 5

Deoxyribose.

Question 6

What sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 6

Ribose.

Question 7

Name the four bases found in DNA.

Answer 7

• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)

Question 8

Name the four bases found in RNA.

Answer 8

• Adenine (A)
• Uracil (U)
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)

Question 9

How are the bases in DNA paired?

Answer 9

A with T and C with G.

Question 10

How are the bases in RNA paired?

Answer 10

A with U and C with G.

Question 11

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

Answer 11

Double helix.

Question 12

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 12

Stores and transmits genetic information.

Question 13

What is the primary function of RNA?

Answer 13

Translates the genetic information in DNA into proteins.

Question 14

Name the three main types of RNA.

Answer 14

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 15

What is the role of mRNA?

Answer 15

Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 16

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 16

Brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Question 17

What is the role of rRNA?

Answer 17

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes.

Question 18

How many strands does DNA have?

Answer 18

Two (double-stranded).

Question 19

How many strands does RNA have?

Answer 19

One (single-stranded).

Question 20

What is a base pair?

Answer 20

Two nitrogenous bases (A-T or C-G in DNA, A-U or C-G in RNA) held together by weak bonds.