[09] DNA and RNA, Composition and Structure Flashcards
What are DNA and RNA?
Nucleic acids that carry genetic information.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
- A sugar
- A phosphate
- A nitrogenous base
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose.
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose.
Name the four bases found in DNA.
- Adenine (A)
- Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
Name the four bases found in RNA.
- Adenine (A)
- Uracil (U)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
How are the bases in DNA paired?
A with T and C with G.
How are the bases in RNA paired?
A with U and C with G.
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double helix.
What is the primary function of DNA?
Stores and transmits genetic information.
What is the primary function of RNA?
Translates the genetic information in DNA into proteins.
Name the three main types of RNA.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the role of mRNA?
Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
What is the role of tRNA?
Brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What is the role of rRNA?
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes.
How many strands does DNA have?
Two (double-stranded).
How many strands does RNA have?
One (single-stranded).
What is a base pair?
Two nitrogenous bases (A-T or C-G in DNA, A-U or C-G in RNA) held together by weak bonds.
