[22] Nutrient Metabolism Flashcards
What is nutrient metabolism?
It’s the process by which the body uses food and drink to obtain essential nutrients and energy.
Name the three main types of nutrients that undergo metabolism.
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
What is carbohydrate metabolism?
It’s the process of transforming carbohydrates into energy.
What are the main stages of carbohydrate metabolism?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate Decarboxylation
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
What is protein metabolism?
It’s the breakdown, synthesis, and various transformations of proteins in the body.
What are the main stages of protein metabolism?
- Protein Digestion
- Deamination
- Transamination
- Urea Cycle
What is lipid metabolism?
It’s the process of lipid synthesis and degradation in cells.
What are the main stages of lipid metabolism?
- Lipid Digestion
- Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Ketogenesis
- Lipogenesis
What is the importance of nutrient metabolism?
It provides the energy and building blocks needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
What role does the liver play in nutrient metabolism?
The liver is a central hub for metabolic processes, including detoxification, nutrient storage, and distribution of nutrients to other tissues.
What role does insulin play in nutrient metabolism?
Insulin promotes uptake and storage of glucose, amino acids, and lipids in cells.
What role does glucagon play in nutrient metabolism?
Glucagon promotes the breakdown of stored nutrients for energy when blood glucose levels are low.
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
BMR is the rate of energy expenditure at rest, representing the minimum amount of energy required to keep the body functioning.
How is BMR influenced?
Factors include age, sex, genetics, body size, and body composition.
What is metabolic syndrome?
It’s a cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal lipid levels, that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
How does physical activity influence nutrient metabolism?
Physical activity increases metabolic rate, promoting energy expenditure and utilization of stored nutrients.
What is the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
TEF is the energy expenditure associated with the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food.
What are macronutrients?
Nutrients needed in large quantities, namely proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
What are micronutrients?
Nutrients needed in smaller quantities, namely vitamins and minerals.
How is nutrient metabolism regulated?
Regulation is achieved through enzyme activity, hormonal control, and energy status of the body.
