[13] Hormone Biochemistry Flashcards
What are hormones?
Chemicals produced by body cells that regulate the function of other cells.
Which system primarily uses hormones for communication?
The endocrine system.
What are the two main classes of hormones?
Steroid hormones, peptide hormones.
What is the primary difference between peptide and steroid hormones?
- Peptide hormones are → water-soluble
- Steroid hormones are → lipid-soluble
Where do peptide hormones bind?
To receptors on the cell surface.
Where do steroid hormones bind?
To receptors inside the cell.
What is the role of a hormone receptor?
To bind hormones and initiate a cellular response.
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone that has other endocrine glands as its target.
Give examples of tropic hormones.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is a direct hormone?
A hormone that acts directly on a non-endocrine target tissue.
Give examples of direct hormones.
- Insulin
- Glucagon
What is negative feedback in hormone regulation?
A mechanism where the product of a process inhibits its own production.
Give an example of a hormone regulated by negative feedback.
- Insulin
What is a hormone cascade pathway?
A series of reactions where a hormone activates another, which activates another and so on.
Give an example of a hormone cascade pathway.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
