[31] Biochemistry of the Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
- Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
- Phonation (production of sound)
- Regulation of blood pH
What are the main organs of the respiratory system?
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What is the basic functional unit of the respiratory system?
Alveolus
What happens in the alveoli?
Gas exchange occurs: oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood.
What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
It contracts and flattens, allowing air to enter the lungs during inhalation.
What are bronchi and bronchioles?
Bronchi are the main passageways into the lungs. Bronchioles are the smaller branches of the bronchi.
What is the role of the trachea?
It serves as a passageway for air to reach the lungs.
How does the respiratory system regulate blood pH?
By controlling the levels of carbon dioxide, a major contributor to blood acidity.
How does oxygen bind to hemoglobin?
Through a reversible binding to the iron ion in heme groups within the hemoglobin molecule.
What is oxyhemoglobin?
Hemoglobin bound with oxygen.
What is the Bohr effect?
A physiological phenomenon where an increase in carbon dioxide concentration leads to a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
What is hypoxia?
A condition where there is not enough oxygen available to the cells and tissues in the body.
What is hypercapnia?
An excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the respiratory system?
It catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, a crucial step in carbon dioxide transport.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A chronic inflammatory lung disease causing obstructed airflow from the lungs.
