[01] Basic Chemistry: Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element.
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
- Protons
- Neutrons
- Electrons
What is a proton?
A subatomic particle with a positive charge located in the nucleus of an atom.
What is an electron?
A subatomic particle with a negative charge orbiting the nucleus of an atom.
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle with no charge located in the nucleus of an atom.
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
What is a chemical bond?
A lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
Name the three major types of chemical bonds.
- Ionic bonds
- Covalent bonds
- Metallic bonds
What is an ionic bond?
A type of bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is a covalent bond?
A type of bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
What is a metallic bond?
A type of bond found in metals; it involves the sharing of free electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions.
How are molecules represented?
By chemical formulas that indicate the types and numbers of atoms.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
How is the atomic mass calculated?
By adding the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the outermost shell of an atom which can participate in forming chemical bonds.
