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[15] Comprehensive Biochemistry > [06] Carbohydrates and Glycobiology > Flashcards

[06] Carbohydrates and Glycobiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

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2
Q

What are the main types of carbohydrates?

A
  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
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3
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

The simplest form of carbohydrate, it cannot be further hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates.

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4
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides.

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5
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

A carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides.

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6
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

Serving as a source of energy in living organisms.

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7
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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8
Q

What are some examples of disaccharides?

A
  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
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9
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
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10
Q

Glycobiology - Definition

A

The study of the structure, function and biology of carbohydrates.

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11
Q

How does glycobiology relate to carbohydrates?

A

It is the study of complex carbohydrates and their biological roles.

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12
Q

What is a glycoprotein?

A

Proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to their polypeptide backbones.

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13
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

Lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic bond.

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14
Q

What is the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cells?

A

They play key roles in cell-cell interactions, including cell recognition and adhesion.

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15
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

A type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group.

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16
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates in DNA and RNA?

A

The sugar component of the nucleotides in DNA and RNA is a pentose carbohydrate.

17
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

A type of glycoprotein that is heavily glycosylated, important for the function of the extracellular matrix.

18
Q

What are lectins?

A

Proteins that can bind to specific carbohydrate molecules.

19
Q

What is the importance of lectins in biology?

A

Lectins play roles in cell-cell interaction, glycoprotein synthesis, and immune response.

20
Q

How does diabetes relate to carbohydrates?

A

Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually due to insufficient insulin.

[15] Comprehensive Biochemistry (42 decks)

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