[25] Biochemistry of the Nervous System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
To transmit signals between different parts of the body.
What is a neuron?
A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
What are the main components of a neuron?
- Cell body (soma)
- Dendrites
- Axon
What is the role of the cell body in a neuron?
It contains the nucleus and other components necessary for cell function.
What is the function of dendrites?
To receive messages from other cells and transmit to the cell body.
What is the function of an axon?
To transmit signals away from the neuron’s cell body.
What is a synapse?
A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a tiny gap where neurotransmitters are released.
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another ‘target’ neuron.
What is the role of serotonin in the nervous system?
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.
What is the role of dopamine in the nervous system?
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in how we feel pleasure and is involved in learning and memory.
What is the function of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
GABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits the activity of neurons, reducing anxiety and promoting sleep.
What is myelin?
A fatty substance that covers axons to speed up electrical impulses.
What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?
The myelin sheath insulates the axons and increases the speed of transmission of electrical signals.
What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Oligodendrocytes.
What cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Schwann cells.
