3.4.1 Epidemiology of Diabetes Flashcards
How many people in the world are estimated to have diabetes?
9% of all adults >18yo
When is screening recommended for diabetes?
Screening is routinely recommended for men and women with a BMI of 25 or higher.
What point on this graph is perfectly sensitivity?
B
High sensitivity and a negative result will do what?
SNOUT
High sensitivity will and a negative result will rule out disease
What is a negative likelihood ratio? (1, <1,<.1)
LR-:
1: test has no discriminatory value
< 1 - Persons without disease more likely to yield a negative test than a person with disease
<.1 - Test has high diagnostic value
What is sensitivity?
The ability of a test to correctly identify who has a disease
Is the oral glucose tolerance test good?
Most sensitive test
Likelihood ratio is 9.46
What is pretest probability?
Probability of a disease before a test is done
What are the risk factors associated with Type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune, genetic and environmental
What is prediabetes?
What point on this graph is perfect specificity?
E
How is the age adjusted prevalance of diabetes among adults in 2014?
What is the prevalance of diabetes among the US population?
- 3%
- 1m people
28% undiagnosed
How would test performance change if the cutoff for a test was 140 instead of 126?
The test would have a lower sensitivity and increase the specificity
Compare the Sensitivity, Convenience, Cost, and Associated risks of the glucose tolerance test, A1c, and FPG.
When choosing a cutoff point for a test what are the import considerations?
How is obesity distributed through the United States?
What is SPIN?
How can you use a pretest probability and likelihood ratio to get a posttest probability?
Using a normogram.
Take the pretest probability and use the likelihood ratio to find the post test.
ANSWER THIS!!!!
6.5%
Due to the early treatment of diabetes is not invasive
How does type 2 diabetes prevalances change in kids less than 10 years old and between 10-19 yo?
What is important about high specificity tests?
High specificity few false positives
False negatives
What are the symptoms associated with diabetes?
Draw out a 2x2 table and write the equation for specificity and sensitivity
How is the prevalance of diabetes distributes among different races?
Discuss the process of choosing a cutoff point for fasting plasma glucose.
If you choose a cutoff point that is low, like 110, you get a more sensitive test (the test does a good job correctly identifying those with disease). Remember, a highly sensitive is useful in ruling out disease (SNNOUT): if a negative test result comes back from a highly sensitive test, we can have some confidence that it is a true negative result. If you choose a cutoff that is low, like 170, you get a more specific test (the test does a good job correctly identifying those without disease). A highly specific test is useful in ruling in disease (SPPIN).
In a 2x2 table how would you determine the risk ratio?
Which med student was an honorary cheerleader for a day?
Brannon Donovan
What is a likelihood ratio?
