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Renal and Endocrine > 2.4.2 Hypothalamus-Pituitary Physiology > Flashcards

2.4.2 Hypothalamus-Pituitary Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the circulation to the pars distalis?

A

Open circulation (two capillary plexuses)

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2
Q

What upregulates/downregulates activity of the thyrotroph in the anterior pituitary?

A

Upregulate: TRH (galphaq, PLC, PKC, Ca++)

Downregulate: SRIF (galphai, decreased AC, decreased Ca++)

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3
Q

What upregulates/downregulates activity of the somotatroph in the anterior pituitary?

A

Upregulate: GHRH (Galphas, AC, cAMP, Ca++)

Downregulate: SRIF (Galphai, decreased AC, decreased Ca++)

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4
Q

What do these abbreviations stand for?

A

VD: ventral diencephalon

OE: Oral ectoderm

RP: Rathke’s pouch

INF: infundibulum

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5
Q

What are two different stimuli for oxytocin production? What are two sites of action of oxytocin? Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Stimuli: Cervical strech, suckling

Sites of Action: Uterus, mammary glands

Site of production: Paraventicular (majority)

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6
Q

Describe the txn factor cascade in the three layers: ventral diencephalon, mesenchyme, oral ectoderm

A
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7
Q

What are some of the hypothalmic releasing and inhibiting hormones?

A
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8
Q

What tissue(s) is most directly regulated by the hormones of each anterior pituitary cell type?

A

Corticotropes: Adrenal cortex

Somatotropes: Liver/muscle/adipose

Lactotropes: Mammary gland

Thyrotropes: Thyroid

Gonadotropes: Ovary/testis

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9
Q

Identify these structures.

A
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10
Q

Describe the txn factor cascade leading to the 5 different cell types of the anterior pituitary. Also, identify whether POU1F1(PIT1) and/or GATA2 are expressed.

A
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11
Q

Name three important txn factors in the development of the pituitary?

A

Hesx1/Rpx, Prop1, Pit1

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12
Q

What is Ashley Falkner’s favorite television show?

A

The Bachelor

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13
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of various genetic dysfunctions?

(I would focus on the red)

A
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14
Q

Where are fenestrated caplliaries present b/t the hypothalmus and pituitary gland?

A

Median eminence

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15
Q

What upregulates/downregulates the activity of the mammotroph(lactotroph) in the anterior pituitary?

A

Upregulate: PRH

Downregulate: Dopamine (Galphai, decreased AC, decreased Ca++)

DOPAMINE HAS DOMINATE NEGATIVE CONTROL

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16
Q

CRH upregulates what?

A

Increases ACTH, and MSH

17
Q

What are some ways to modify neuronal inputs?

A

Exogenous rhythms, environment, behavior

18
Q

Other than the five hormone producing cells, what is an important cell type found in the anterior pituitary?

A

Folliculo-stellate cells (stem cells)

19
Q

What would the effect on development of the anterior pituitary if there was a mutation in PROP1?

A
20
Q

Which txn factors involved in the development of the anterior pituitary are associated with human dz?

A

HESX1, LHX3, PROP1, TBX19, PIT1, SF1

21
Q

What stimulates ADH production? What antagonizes ADH production?

What are the effects of ADH after acting on the kidney?

A

Stimulate: Increased plasma osmolality

Antagonize: Increased plasma volume

Effects: Increased plasma volume, decreased plasma osmolality

22
Q

What are the two types of magnocellular neurons send hormones to the posterior pituitary to be stored?

A

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

23
Q

T3/T4 sending negative feedback to the anterior pituitary (TSH) is an example of what?

A

Target endocrine gland hormone feedback

24
Q

Which portion of the pituitary is comprised of the pars nervosa? pars distalis?

A

Pars nervosa: Posterior (neuronal)

Pars distalis: Anterior (non-neuronal)

25
Q

What upregulates activity of the corticotroph in the anterior pituitary?

A

CRH (Galphas, AC, cAMP)

26
Q

What proteins bind onto OXY and ADH during their transport to posterior pituitary?

A

ADH: Neurophysin II

OXY: Neurophysin I

27
Q

What are the five cell types of the anterior pituitary and their main hormone?

A
28
Q

What are some of the negative feedback loops onto the hypothalmus/pituitary?

A
29
Q

What are the different types of feedback loops and where they work within the H-P-A axis?

A
30
Q

Name this syndrome.

A

Kallmann Syndrome

31
Q

Summarize the target and action of the major hormones released from the anterior pituitary.

A
32
Q

What upregulates the activity of the gonadotroph in the anterior pituitary?

A

GnRH (Galphaq, PLC, PKC, Ca++)

33
Q

What would be the result of a mutation of PIT1 in the development of the anterior pituitary?

A
34
Q

An infarct of the pituitary is known as what? What is its effects on the various cell types in the anterior pituitary?

A

Sheehan’s

Effect: A decrease in all five cell types

35
Q

What does the portal system allow within the pituitary gland?

A

Low volume, high concentration,

(pulsatile) (rhythms)

Renal and Endocrine (46 decks)

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