1.4.2 Regulation of Extracellular Fluid and Electrolytes II

Question 1

How is calcium carried in the plasma?

Answer 1

Ionized (50%)

Protein-bound (40%)

Anion-bound (10%)

Question 2

What are some of the transport mechanisms of Ca++ along the nephron?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are some non-physiological regulators of K plasma levels?

Answer 3

Acid-base equilibrium (acidosis decreases K uptake)

Plasma osmolality (ECF hyperosmolality increases K exit)

Question 4

Describe how K+ amount various along the nephron

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the normal plasma level of chloride?

Answer 5

102 mEq/L

Question 6

What the normal plasma level of Na?

Answer 6

135-145 mEq/L

Question 7

What are the two locations of Mg++ reabsorption in the nephron and the channels utilized?

Answer 7

Question 8

How is phosphate stored/carried in body?

Answer 8

Bone (90%)

Ionic and Bound (10%)

Question 9

Where does most sodium reabsorption occur?

Answer 9

Proximal tubule (60-70%)

Ascending loop of Henle (25%)

Question 10

Insulin, epinephrine, and aldosterone have what effect on cellular uptake of K?

Answer 10

Increase/activate uptake of K

Question 11

Talk about vit D activation and some of its regulators

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the Cl- transporter in the proximal tubule?

Answer 12

Paracellular

Question 13

Name three regulators of K plasma levels?

Answer 13

Insulin, Epinephrine, Aldosterone

Question 14

Acidosis cna lead to what conditon involving K?

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia

Question 15

What are some factors that stimulate K+ secretion in the distal tubule?

Answer 15

Question 16

Where is phosphate absorbed in the nephron? What are some of the channels involved?

Answer 16

Question 17

Aldosterone regulates Na reabsorption in what part of the tubule system?

Answer 17

Distal and Collecting tubules

Question 18

How is Mg++ stored/carried in the body?

Answer 18

Bone (55%)

ICF (44%)

Plasma (1%)

Question 19

What is the main sodium channel in the proximal tubule? ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 19

Proximal tubule: Na-glucose, Na-AA, Na/H exchanger, Na channel

Ascending loop of Henle: NKCC channel

Question 20

What is the normal plasma level of K?

Answer 20

4.5-5 mEq/L

Question 21

What helps maintain high levels of K in all cells?

Answer 21

Na,K-ATPase

Question 22

What are the regulators of Na transport along the nephron in the various tubules?

Answer 22

Question 23

Where is K+ reabsorption/secretion variable depending upon dietary uptake?

Answer 23

Distal tubule

Question 24

What are the important transporters K+ along the nephron?

Answer 24

Proximal: Paracellular

Loop of Henle: NKCC

Distal: K-channels

Question 25

Want to see an image of J Batts before he got a gym membership?

Answer 25

Question 26

Are you smart enough to summarize the transport of the various ions along the nephron epithelium?

Answer 26

Question 27

Where does most K+ reabsorption occur?

Answer 27

Proximal tubule (60-70%)

Ascending loop of Henle (20%)