1.1.1 Overview of Kidney Glomerulus and Tubular Structure Flashcards
What do the kidneys produce to help regulate BP?
Renin
How much urine is produced by the kidneys each day?
~ 1-2 L
What comprises the filtration barrier in the kidney?
All elements of the glomerular capillary wall
Identify the parts of the renal corpuscle as well as the the different types of tubules and their order.
Renal corpuscle (capsule of Bowman and Glomerulus)
Proximal convoluted tuble, Thick descending limb, Loop of Henle, Thick ascending limb, Macula densa, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting tubule
Where is 98% of filtrate reabsorbed?
Through the tubular epithelium
What is the issue with the collagen in Alport Dz?
The type IV collagen doesn’t mature from the infantile isoforms to the isoforms that are more suitable for proper filtration.
Why does the fluid in the capillary lumen look cloudy whereas the fluid on the other side of the GBM looks clear?
The cloudiness is created by the plasma proteins that don’t enter into the filtrate
What do each of the letters represent?
Where are glomeruli found in the kidney?
The cortex
What type of cell is a mesangial cell?
A specialized smooth muscle cell. Determines the vascular tone of the glomeruli
Basement membrane is made up of what type of collagen?
Type IV
Through which poles does the blood enter the glomerulus? Through which pole does the filtrate exit the glomerulus?
Blood enter: vascular pole
Filtrate leave: urinary pole
What two sites of the body are affected in Pierson syndrome?
Eyes and kidneys, results in progressive renal disease
What type of endothelium line the glomeruli?
Fenestrated (w/o diaphragm) endothelium
Describe the types of epithelium that line the various regions within the kidney.
What are the two types of nephrons and their position?
Cortical nephron (near the outer edge of cortex, loop of Henle doesn’t enter medulla)
Juxtamedullary nephron (on edge of medulla, loop of Henle deep into medulla)
What is the uderlying defect in congenital nephrotic syndrome? Symptoms? How do you manage/treat these patients?
A defect in the protein nephrin
Symptoms: masive proteinuria and albuminemia
Manage w/ albumin infusion, antibiotics, high calorie diets, ACE inhibitors. Ultmately requires dialysis/transplantation
What point mutations are linked to Alport Dz? This leads to a defect in what?
COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5
A defect in type IV collagen in the basement membrane of the glomeruli
What are some of the main functions of the urinary system (5).
- Filter blood plasma to elminate metabolic wastes and excess fluid
- Maintain stable levels of electrolytes
- Regulate BP
- Regulate erythropoeisis
- Regulate Ca hemeostasis, bone deposition
What do each of the letter represent?
What is the glomerular capillary generally impermeable to?
Albumin and larger plasma proteins (globulins and fibrinogen)
What is the composition of blood?
What do the letters represent?
How much filtrate is produced in the kidneys each day?
~ 180L
Foot processes project from what type of cell in the glomeruli?
Podocytes
What are the various arteries and their position in the kidney?
What is circumscribed in blue in this image?
Epithelial slit diaphragm
