3.3 Blood pressure Flashcards
-Defined the range of healthy blood pressure elevated blood pressure hypertension stages one and two and hypertensive crisis -know when client should be referred to the emergency room -identify modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce hypertension -identify risk factors for the development of hypertension
What is blood pressure
Outward pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels
- -like a hose and a faucet- things which impact the pressure
- size of the opening of the holes
- volume of liquid being pushed through the holes
- how flexible the walls of hoses are
Hypertension
The pressure of blood on the walls of the blood vessels is consistently too high
Systolic blood pressure
First number that indicates how much pressure is exerted by blood against special walls when the heart beats
Diastolic blood pressure
the second number indicates how pressure by blood is exerted against the vessel walls where the heart is resting between beats
Normal blood pressure range
systolic less than 120 and diastolic less than 80
both 2003 and 2017 AHA
Elevated/at risk blood pressure
2003 Systolic 120-139 Diastolic 80-89
2017- 120 to 129 Systolic
2017- less than 80. Diastolic
High blood pressure hypertension stage one
2017 130 to 139 systolic OR 80 to 89 diastolic
2003
systolic: 140 mm Hg or higher
diastolic: 90 mm Hg or higher
Hi blood pressure hypertension stage two
140 or higher systolic OR 90 or higher diastolic
Hypertensive crisis
Higher than 180 systolic and or higher than 120 diastolic
Video five symptoms of high blood pressure
See video
Signs and symptoms of hypertension
Headaches dizziness blurred vision heart palpitations shortness of breath nose bleeds severe anxiety
Organs affected by Hypertension
Damage to
heart, brain, eyes, kidneys
sexual dysfunction
Heart Damage-Hypertention
- Heart attack- when the blood supply to the heart is blocked and the muscle begins to die
- heart failure -heart can’t pump enough blood to tissues *angina and chest pain - as a result of damage vessels not delivering enough blood to heart
Brain damage-Hypertension
*Vascular dementia/mild cognitive impairment - reduce blood flow to the brain caused by damage vessels *stroke - damage vessels in our rupture or leak or blood cots form brain is deprived of oxygen and cells die *headache - high blood pressure affect the blood brain barrier and can result in pressure on the brain
eye damage-Hypertenstion
- Retinopathy -damage to the light sensitive tissues lining I can cause bleeding in the eye blurred vision or blindness
- optic nerve damage -blocked blood flow causes nerve damage and possible bleeding in the eye or vision loss
kidney damage-Hypertension
Chronic kidney failure -hypertension is one of the most common causes damage blood vessels prevent kidney some adequately filtering waste from your blood allowing dangerous levels of waste accumulate in the blood
Sexual dysfunction in males- hypertension
Erectile dysfunction decreased blood flow to the penis and damaged blood vessels
Sexual dysfunction females -hypertension
Vaginal dryness lack of desire
Risk factors for developing hypertension -medical
Obesity diabetes inflammation
Risk Factors Hypertension determinants
Genetics age sex ethnicity
Respecters hypertension lifestyle
Diet smoking excess alcohol sanitary
Medical respecters hypertension obesity
Obesity increased cardiac output equals higher blood pressure bad hormones increase inflammation which impacts health of blood vessels
Medical risk factors hypertension diabetes
High glucose in the blood decreases the vasodilator nitric oxide and blood vessels leading to vessel narrowing
six of 10 people diabetes also have hypertension
Non-modifiable determinants
Heredity family history
older age
sex - no difference
ethnicity-People higher risk
Lifestyle risk factors
- Diet -high sodium and low potassium
- tobacco use -smoking can damage heart and blood vessels /nicotine raises blood pressure
- excess alcohol -more than two servings per day for meals and one serving per day for females
- physical inactivity - poor health of heart and blood vessels/increased risk of obesity
Dietary changes high blood pressure
-Mediterranean or dash diet minerals -high in magnesium calcium and potassium and sodium ---high in fiber -reduce processed food moderate or no alcohol
High blood pressure - Exercise
- Endurance/aerobic exercise 30 minutes a day continuous or accumulated five days a week
- resistance training optional used in addition to aerobic
High blood pressure-Sleep
Minimum seven hours nightly during sleep blood pressure goes down sleep problems means it stays here longer
High blood pressure- Quit smoking
Smoking is associated with 4 mm rise in systolic blood pressure and 3 mm rise and diastolic
High blood pressure healthy weight
Dietary interventions and weight loss can reduce blood pressure a 10 pound weight loss we do systolic pressure on average 6 mm
Stress management blood pressure
Mindfulness practices relaxation response biofeedback MBS or meditation yoga tai chi Qi Gong
