3. Diabetes Flashcards
Diabetes
Chronic disease that occurs when blood sugar levels become too high blood sugar a.k.a. blood glucose is the bodies main source of energy for ourselves
How diabetes works
Consume food is broken down into sugar or glucose and released in the bloodstream than insulin allows the sugar into the body cells to be used as energy when blood sugar raises it signals the pancreas to release insulin with diabetes but he doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it as well as it should without enough insulin the body stops responding and too much blood sugar stays in the bloodstream
Effects of diabetes
Heart disease stroke vision problems kidney disease nerve damage dental issues foot problems lower limb amputations
Prediabetes
- When blood sugar levels are higher than normal but hot not highness to be diagnosed as type two diabetes
- A fasting blood glucose level from 100 to 125 mg is considered pre-diabetes this result is sometimes called impaired fasting glucose
- A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg or higher indicates diabetes
Pre-diabetes fact
Raises risk for type two diabetes heart disease and stroke over 88 million Americans have prediabetes that’s one and three adults can often be reversed with lifestyle changes
Diabetes and coaching
Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease that many clients will be face with it can be managed and prevented with diet and lifestyle make it is important for coaches to understand how the disease works and lifestyle modifications to reduce risks
Diabetes statistics
- Type two diabetes is a 7th leading cause of death in the US
- 34.2 million Americans are living with diabetes
- diabetes diagnosis has doubled in 20 years
- almost $322 billion spent on diabetes each year
Type 1 diabetes
- Involves a lack of or no production of insulin
- thought to be caused by an auto immune reaction that stop somebody from making insulin
- about 5 to 10% of diagnose diabetes type one
- typically diagnosed in children teens and young adults —type one have to take insulin every day to survive
Type 2 diabetes
- Involves a problem with insulin receptors and the body —-can’t keep blood sugar level stable
- Typically diagnosed in adults although it’s raising in the younger populations now
- takes years to develop and symptoms may not be noticeable
- 90 to 95% of people with diabetes have type two diabetes
- can be prevented or delayed a diet lifestyle and exercise
gestational diabetes
- Occurs in pregnant women who have not been diagnosed before
- usually goes away after the birth
- can increase moms risk of developing type two diabetes later
- increased risk to the baby more likely to be obese as a child teen and increases risk of developing type two later in child’s life
diabetes criteria
6.5 A1C
126 fasting blood sugar
200 glucose tolerance
prediabetes criteria
5.7-6.4, A1C
100-125, fasting blood
140-199 glucose tolerance
Normal criteria - diabetes
below 5.7 A1C
99 below fasting blood
below 140 glucose tolerance
Risk factors for prediabetes
- Overweight
- age 45 or older
- have a parent or sibling with type two diabetes
- have had gestational diabetes or
- African-American and Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan native
Risk factors for type two diabetes
- Are overweight
- have prediabetes
- 45 years or older
- have a parent or sibling with type two diabetes
- not physically active three times a week
- have had gestational diabetes
- African-American Hispanic Latino American Indian or Alaskan native
Risk factors for type one diabetes
- Not as clear as other types
- having a parent or sibling with type one
- age is more likely to develop in young children
- unknown prevention
Diabetes testing A1C test
The glycated hemoglobin test (hbA1c)takes a three month average of blood sugar levels that test the amount of sugar attached to the blood protein hemoglobin
Fasting blood sugar test
A blood sample taken after you fast for at least eight hours
Glucose tolerance test
- Measures your blood sugar before and after you drink liquid glucose while fasting before the test
- after fasting you drink the liquid and have your blood sugar checked one hour or two hours and three hours
Random blood sugar test
-Measures blood sugar at any time and does not require -fasting blood sugar level of 200 mg or higher indicates you have diabetes
Preventing diabetes
- Lose weight around 5 to 7% of body weight
- regular activity 150 minutes per week
- eating healthy
Physical activity/diabetes
Physical activity
- makes the body more sensitive to insulin helps manage diabetes
- helps control blood sugar levels and lower your risk of heart disease and nerve damage
- at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity/30 minutes a day five days a week
Healthy diet /diabetes
- Fresh fruits and veggies
- lean proteins whole grains beer processed foods –
- eliminate trans fat
- drink more water
- few sugary drinks/ alcohol
Healthy diet tips diabetes
- Higher protein lower carb meals eating fewer carbs and -juice can lower how much insulin you take
- choose carbs that are higher in fiber and lower in added sugar
- example beans and sweet potatoes instead of bread and pasta
Managing diabetes
- Healthy eating and weight management
- physical exercise prescribed insulin or other meds
- check blood sugar regularly
- proper sleep and stress management
