3.2 Obesity and Overweight Flashcards
Body Mass Index
a calculation used that compares a person’s height to weight ratio as a tool to indicate health
BMI underweight
below 18.5 underweight
BMI Pros
- Inexpensive
- Non-Invasive
- Accurate with good height and measurements
- Has been a valid and reliable measure for the population
BMI Cons
- Does not account for body fat
- Influenced by age
- People with high muscle mass will have a higher bmi
- Varies by gender
- Athletes have higher bmi
Normal BMI-exam
18.5 - 24.9 normal
Overweight BMI-exam
25-29 Overweight
Obese BMI-exam
> 30 Obese
Weight circumference women-exam
31.5 inches - low risk
31.5-36 Medium Risk
36+ Inches High risk
Waist to hip ratio-exam
- Measures the distribution of the body fat and weight versus hips
- Apple versus pear-shaped
- Higher distribution of body fat in the waist increases risk of disease
- carrying more body fat and hips is lower risk
- equally valid measure of abdominal obesity compared to a circumference
Waist to hip ratio-exam
> .90 Men
>.85 Women
Consequences of obesity
- Stroke
- coronary heart disease
- high blood pressure
- high HDL cholesterol
- low LDL cholesterol or
- high levels of triglycerides(dyslipidemia)
- type two diabetes
Chronic diseases caused by obesity
- Sleep apnea
- breathing problems
- heart disease
- osteoarthritis
- some cancers
- dying at an early age
Lifestyle and genetic factors causing obesity
- Physical inactivity
- diet high in fats carbs overeating
- genetics
- medication disease
- psychological factors
Social determinants of health- define
Conditions or environments by which people spend their lives growing living aging and working that determine their health outcomes
Social determinants of obesity
- Access to healthcare
- Low access to fresh food
- high crime neighborhood’s
- educational attainment
- literacy
- knowledge of healthy habits
- social support
More social determinants of obesity
Income level education opportunities occupation status workplace safety food and security access to housing and utility services social support
Social determinants continued
Crime rates availability of transportation neighborhood conditions access to safe drinking water clean air and toxin free environments recreational leisure gender inequality racial inequality
