3.2 Interactionists On Crime Flashcards
(How groups are labelled deviant) Becker sad social groups create deviance by making what?
Laws which infraction constitutes deviance
(How groups are labelled deviant) Becker - moral entrepreneurs lead what?
Moral crusades to change the law
(How groups are labelled deviant) these law changes create a group of outsiders and social control agencies do what?
Impose label on offenders
(Who gets labelled) what 3 things does a person being labelled depend upon?
Their interactions with the police
Background
Circumstances of the offence
(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - police typifications of a typical offender contained what?
A class bias
(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - the class bias is reinforced by prohibition officers believing what?
Delinquency is caused by poverty and broken homes
Less likely to support non custodial sentences for children from these backgrounds
(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - why is justice negotiable?
Middle class less likely to be arrested as they don’t fit the typifications
(Who gets labelled) strength - criticise the stats for underestimating the extent of what?
Middle class crime
(Who gets labelled) criticism - fails to explain the cause of what?
Typifications
They may be more likely to be seen as delinquent because they are
(Labelling) what does lemert talk about?
Primary and secondary deviance
(Labelling) Lemert - what is primary deviance?
Deviant acts not publicly labelled
Widespread and trivial
Don’t affect self concept
(Labelling) Lemert - what is secondary deviance?
Deviance from social reaction
Labelling leads to being stigmatised and excluded
Possibly becoming master status
(Labelling) if an individual allows a label to become part of their self concept what can happen?
Self fulfilling prophecy occurs
Leading to deviant career
And deviant subculture
(Labelling) what did Young talk about?
Deviancy amplification
(Labelling) Young - deviancy amplification occurs as groups are targeted leading to what?
Widened difference and a deviant subculture
(Labelling) what example did young use to illustrate deviancy amplification?
Hippies and drug use
(Labelling and CJS) Triplett talked about the increased tendency to see young offenders as what?
Evil
Resulting in less tolerance to minor crime e.g. Truancy
(Labelling and CJS) harsher consequences have what effect on deviance?
Increase it
(Labelling and CJS) crime can be reduced by doing what?
Making and enforcing fewer laws
(Labelling and CJS) braithwaite talked about reintergrative shaming what is this?
Labelling the crime not the offender so they still see the impact but are not excluded
Avoiding deviancy amplification
Strengths - shows we all commit deviant acts not just who?
Abnormal individuals portrayed in the media
strengths - show what can change?
Laws
Strengths - explain why patterns appear in the stats how?
Socially constructed High proportion of working class males due to the law being enforced in discriminatory ways
Strengths - show attempts to control deviance can do what?
Worsen it
Weaknesses - the emphasis on labelling portrays the offender as what?
A victim
Ignoring real victims and removing blame
Weakness - assumes offenders passively do what?
Accept labels
They may actively choose deviance
Weakness - does not explain what type of deviance?
Primary
Weakness - doesn’t explain where what come from?
Typifications
Weakness - where would Marxists say typifications come from?
The ruling class having the power to label people as deviants and outsiders
