1.2 Demography - Birth & Fertility Rate Flashcards
How are family and population closely linked?
The more families there are the bigger the population
What is demography?
The study of populations and their characteristics
What are some characteristics of a population?
Size
Age structure
What factors most directly affect population size?
Birth rate
Death rate
Life expectancy
Migration
What factors cause increased population size?
Birth rate
Life expectancy
What factors cause decline in population?
Death rate
Migration
(Birth rate) What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 per year
(Birth rate) If the birth rate continues to fall what will happen to population size by 2041?
It will decrease as the death rate will increase
(Birth rate) Why is the population set to rise?
Migration
(TFR) What are the two factors determining the birth rate?
Number of women of childbearing age
How fertile they are
(TFR) What is the total fertility rate?
The average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years
(TFR) What has happened to the TFR since 2001?
Risen
(TFR) In 2001 the TFR was at what?
Lowest it has ever been - 1.63 children per woman
(TFR) By 2014 the TFR was what?
1.9
(TFR) The TFR is much lower than what?
In the past
(TFR) Liverpool Victoria building society - what is the estimated cost of raising s child to 21?
£180000
(TFR) The first year of a child’s life will cost parents how much?
£8000
(Family size) What has happened family size?
Decreased
(Family size) In 2012 the average family size was what?
1.71 dependent children
(Family size) What is the average family size for married couples?
1.79 dependent children
(Family size) What is the average family size for lone parents?
1.59 dependent children
(Family size) What is the average family size of cohabiting couples?
1.62 dependent children
(Family size) Married couples have larger family sizes as they are usually older and are likely to have completed what?
Childbearing
(Family size) More women are remaining what?
Childless
(Family size) Of the women born in 1982 how many women were childless by their 30th?
Half
(Family size) Of women born in 1952 how many were childless by their 30th?
One third
(Family size) Of women born in 1927 how many were childless by their 30th?
One quarter
(Family size) What might some explanations be for the increase in women remaining childless?
Education Careers Delaying marriage Property - getting on the housing ladder First ensuring financial stability
(Family size) What does Susanne whiting say regarding class and ethnicities effect on family?
Ethnicity impacts on the family size - black and Asian groups have bigger families
Class differences disappeared
(Age of marriage) What has happened to the age of marriage?
Increased
(Age of marriage) What was the average age of marriage in 1970?
22 for women
24 for men
(Age of marriage) What was the average age of marriage now?
30 for women
32 for men
(Age of marriage)How can increase in age of marriage be explained?
Cohabitation
Changing attitudes
Changing position of women - education
Cost of weddings
(Age of childbearing) fertility rates are rising for all groups except who?
Women under 20
(Age of childbearing) the largest rise in fertility is for women over what?
40
(Age of childbearing) what might some explanations for these be?
Increase in education
Middle class women having kids later
Individualisation
