1.2 Demography - Ageing Population Flashcards
What is the uks ageing population the result of?
Lower birth rates
Increased life expectancy
What is the dependency ratio?
Ratio of dependant people to working age people
Who are classed as dependent?
Those under 15
Those over 64
Who are working age people?
Those aged 15-64
In 1911 the age structure looked like a pyramid there were lots of kids and few older people due to what?
Rising birth and mortality rate
In 2011 the structure was more jagged why?
Fluctuations in birth rates
In 2011 the female side tapers off slower indicating women do what?
Live longer
(Problems) there is an increased dependency ratio due to what?
More older people dependant in the working generation
(Problems) the proportion of dependants per 100 has increased by how much between 1994-2013?
3%
51-54%
(Problems) there is increased public spending as older people are more likely to require what?
Health and social services
(Problems) increased public spending - tax payed by workers pay for what for the elderly?
Financial benefits such as pensions
(Problems) loneliness and isolation - loneliness could have long term effects on what?
Health
(Problems) loneliness and isolation (victor) the percentage of older people reporting being lonely is what?
7% which is increasing
(Problems) demands on family members - grundy and Henrietta talked about what generation?
Sandwich generation
(Problems) demands on family members - what is a sandwich generation?
Middle aged family members taking responsibility for older generations whilst caring for older children still living at home
(Positives) older workers - there are lots of healthy older people meaning what?
Increasingly people are working beyond retirement age
(Positives) older workers - how much do over 65s contribute to the economy?
£40 billion
(Positives) voluntary sector - retired people contribute to what?
Unpaid charity work
(Positives) voluntary sector - older people are the what in most communities?
Social glue
(Positives) voluntary sector - every year older volunteers spend how many hours volunteering?
155+
(Positives) older consumers - Kingman says what has happened to the spending power of old people?
Increased
(Positives) older consumers - older people are spending more on what compared to young people?
Eating out
Travelling
Theatre and cinema
(Positives) older consumers - older people are helping sustain what?
The economy
(Positives) grandparents - in most families both parents are what?
Employed
(Positives) grandparents - what proportion of families rely on grandparents for childcare?
1/3
(Positives) grandparents - jones says grandparents are part of the reserve what? And what is this?
Reserve army of labour
Supply of people who can be hired and fired as and when needed
(Positives) grandparents also make large financial contributions to families with what?
Wills
Saving funds
(Positives) beanpole families - extended families are made up of what?
3/4/5 generations with one or two children born to each generation
(Positives) in beanpole families intergenerational relationships do what?
Provide support
From grandparents and great grandparents
