3.2 (a) Gender & Crime

Question 1

who commit more crime, men or women?

Answer 1

men

Question 2

what percentage of known offenders are men?

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

crime rate for which gender has increased most rapidly?

Answer 3

female

Question 4

in every age group and European country crime is overwhelmingly dominated by who?

Answer 4

men

Question 5

Carlen argues that gender role socialisation encourages what sort of behaviour in boys?

Answer 5

aggression
competition
impulsivity

Question 6

Carlen argues gender role socialisation encourages what behaviours in girls?

Answer 6

fearfulness
carefulness
caring

Question 7

Heidensohn examined female conformity arguing patriarchal society does what?

Answer 7

controls women more effectively than men making it more difficult for women to break the law

Question 8

how do families place more restrictions upon girls?

Answer 8

not out late
not allowed out alone
expected to do more housework
contact parents to let them know where you are

Question 9

how are boys socialised to be aggressive and competitive?

Answer 9

violent toys and games

competitive sports

Question 10

heidensohn describes domesticity as a form of what?

Answer 10

detention

Question 11

Heidensohn says being a housewife limits women’s opportunities for what?

Answer 11

criminal behaviour

Question 12

do women have fewer opportunity to commit crime than men?

Answer 12

they have more than what they used to

but they don’t have as much as men - they take on majority of domestic work

Question 13

Heidensohn - how are women controlled in public?

Answer 13

chose not to go out for fear of becoming a victim

limit their behaviour in public, fear of being labelled

Question 14

are women in more danger than men if they go out after dark?

Answer 14

no

the risk is greater though e.g. women may be raped but men may be attacked

Question 15

Brownmiller says that what allows men to keep women in a state of fear?

Answer 15

fear of rape

Question 16

how do girls lessen their chances of being a victim of rape?

Answer 16

go out with other people
ring someone
don't look at people 
avoid certain routes
cover up

Question 17

how do men reassure strangers they aren’t a danger?

Answer 17

avoid looking/staring
smile
move to the other side of the road

Question 18

who/what are women usually controlled by at work?

Answer 18

male superiors

sexual harassment

Question 19

according to Heidensohn what percent of women have experienced some form of sexual harassment at work?

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

why might female crime do undetected, unreported and unrecorded?

Answer 20

women commit less obvious crimes e.g. fraud
female crime seen as petty
gentle treatment of women

Question 21

why might females be less likely to be convicted?

Answer 21

don’t fit typifications
mothers - try to avoid prison sentences
chivalry - more sympathy

Question 22

Adler says the female crime rate is rising due to increased what?

Answer 22

equality for women

Question 23

Adler says female crime rate is rising as changes in society have altered what?

Answer 23

women’s behaviour

Question 24

Adler argues female crime rate is rising as women are becoming more involved in what sort of crimes?

Answer 24

male crimes such as robbery and embezzlement

Question 25

why might the female crime rate be increasing faster than the male?

Answer 25

less lenient ladettes - women more aggressive and assertive gender equality women more independant

Question 26

Box and Hale argue increase in female crime rate is not due to what?

Answer 26

female equality

Question 27

Box and Hale found most female offenders were lower class, less likely to be affected by equality, they said the increase could be due to what?

Answer 27

recession and economic marginalisation

Question 28

the main increase in female crime has been in which type of crime? what does this fit?

Answer 28

shoplifting | fits almost all stereotypical gender roles

Question 29

Heidensohn says crime gendered what does this refer to?

Answer 29

crimes more likely to be committed by a gender | crimes where a victim is most likely to be of a certain gender

Question 30

Heidensohn - (gendered crime) women are more likely to be guilty of what?

Answer 30

theft fraud handling stolen goods

Question 31

Heidensohn (gendered crime) men are more likely to commit what sorts of crime?

Answer 31

violent crime | murder

Question 32

Heidensohn (gendered crime) women are more likely to be victims of what?

Answer 32

``` rape assault kidnapping harassment stalking ```

Question 33

Heidensohn (gendered crime) womens crimes are what, in comparison to mens?

Answer 33

fewer less serious rarely professional

Question 34

(gendered crime) females receive harsher treatment and sentencing than men for what?

Answer 34

more violent crimes | or crimes involving children e.g. rosemary west

Question 35

(gendered crime) what does heidensohn say about why women receive harsher treatment for serious crimes?

Answer 35

they are treated harshly when they deviate from the norms e.g. women should be caring they shouldn't abduct and kill children

Question 36

(gendered crime) Carlen argues women are more likely to be sentenced according to courts assessments of them as what?

Answer 36

wives, mothers and daughters than the seriousness of their crime