1.1 socialisation Flashcards
What does socialisation involve?
Learning the norms and values of a culture and internalising them
How long does the process of socialisation last?
- a lifetime
- rules of society have to be continually learned and reinforced
- we also face new social situations in which we have to learn how to act
What are the two stages of socialisation?
- primary
* secondary
When does primary socialisation occur and with whom?
In the early years of our lives through prolonged contact with our parents or carers
What do we learn from?
Sanctions
Observing and copying behaviour
What are sanctions?
Rewards and punishments
Through primary socialisation what do children develop?
• a conscience and guilt
What do children learn the boundaries of through primary socialisation?
The boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour
When does secondary socialisation occur?
Throughout the rest of our lives
What are the main agencies of secondary socialisation?
- education
- the media
- the peer group
- the workplace
What is the function of secondary socialisation?
- to build on what is learnt in primary socialisation
* to learn and understand how to participate in wider society
What is the nature (biological) view?
People are born with instincts that determine behaviour e.g. The maternal instinct
What is the nurture (sociological) view?
Behaviour is learned through the process of socialisation, this behaviour differs across cultures
What evidence is there for the nature debate?
Bouchard research into identical twins separated at birth
Explain what happened in the case of Oskar and Jack (twins supporting the nature debate):
- separated at birth
- Oskar raised a Catholic in Germany by his grandmother
- jack raised a Jew in the Caribbean by his father
- Bouchard documented the similarities in their behaviour, likes and dislikes
What was found in the case of Oskar and jack?
• despite their different upbringings the twins behaviour, favourite food, mannerisms and clothing choices were strikingly similar
Give names of feral children providing evidence for the nurture debate:
- oxana Malaya
- Isabel the chicken girl
- genie
What happened in the case of oxana Malaya?
She was left in a kennel with the family dogs from a very young age, she barked and ran on all fours behaving in a dog like manner.
What happened in the case of Isabel the chicken girl?
- found when she was 10
- left in a chicken coop whilst her mam worked the fields
- wasn’t toilet trained
- couldn’t speak
- expressed emotion by beating her hands and feet (imitating the chickens)
Define socialisation:
Socialisation is the process of learning the culture of the society in which we live
What is social control?
Methods used to persuade individuals to conform to the dominant norms of society
How is social control enforced?
Sanctions
What is formal social control?
Written rules or laws
Sanctions for those who deviate e.g. Prisons
What are formal agencies of social control?
Police
Prisons
Education system
What is informal social control?
Unwritten informal ways of controlling people
E.g. Gossip, Praise
What institutions enforce informal social control?
Family
Peers
Socialisation and social control act together to ensure what?
People follow societies rules
