2.2 Weber & Marxists On Ethnic Inequality Flashcards
Weber (Class) what is market situation?
Workers knowledge and skill
It affects wages
Weber (Class) what is work situation?
Some workers having more control and autonomy
Weber (Class) what are most whites people likely to have in comparison to EMs?
Higher market and work situation
Weber (Status) what is it difficult for EM members to do?
Compete for jobs
Weber (Status) what can social closure lead to?
Exclusion
Weber (Status) what can middle class EM members experience? Give an example:
Discrimination and low status
Patients refusing to see Asian doctors
Weber (Barron and Norris) what is the primary labour market?
Well paid secure jobs with good promotional prospects
Weber (Barron and Norris) who dominate the primary labour market?
White men
Weber (Barron and Norris) what is the secondary labour market?
Worst paid jobs
Poor conditions
Least security
Weber (Barron and Norris) who dominate the secondary labour market and why?
Ethnic minority members
Due to low status
Weber (Barron and Norris) what do employers subscribe to?
Racist beliefs about the instability of ethnic minorities
Weber (Barron and Norris)how do employers discriminate against EM members?
Not employing them or denying them promotion
Weber - Barron and Norris provide a useful insight into what?
Division of the labour market
Weber (Barron and Norris) criticism - what do they not account for?
Success of ethnic minority members e.g. Wealthiest men in the U.K.
Weber (Barron and Norris) criticism who do they ignore?
EM women
Who are mainly concentrated in the secondary labour market
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) what effect does material disadvantage have on EMs?
Cuts them off from white w/c Form an underclass in poor housing and education
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) the disadvantages of EMs were worsened by what?
Status inequality due to hostility
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) the EM members felt what?
Marginalised
Alienated
Frustrated
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) in capitalist societies who are the ultimate victims?
Underclass - where EMs are mainly concentrated
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) how would the new right criticise them?
Blame culture of ethnic minorities for the poverty they experience
Weber (Rex and Tomlinson) what do they overemphasise?
Ethnic minority members as passive victims of racism
Chinese pupils are outperforming
Marxism - what does immigration provide?
Cheap labour
Reserve army of labour
Marxism what effect does immigration have on wages?
It drives them down
Marxism (Cox) race is a what?
Human invention
Marxism (Cox) what was early capitalism tied to?
Colonialism e.g. British empire and slavery
Marxism (Cox) racism developed as a way to justify what?
Exploitation of the people in the colonies
Marxism (Cox) if there was no capitalism, there would have been no what?
Racism
Marxism (Cox) criticism - ideas are too simplistic as it is difficult to prove what?
Racism is a capitalist ideology
Marxism (Cox) criticism - some argue cox is race blind why?
Didn’t treat race as important in its own right
Focused more on economic differences
Marxism (miles) how does miles agree with cox?
He says racism was originally used to justify exploitation
Marxism (miles) at the end of colonialism what was racism replaced with?
Nationalism
Marxism (miles) how is the class position of ethnic minorities complicated?
By then being socially and culturally different from white society
Marxism (miles) what are racialised class fractions the result of?
Ethnic minority groups setting themselves apart and overly stressing ethnicity
Prejudice and discrimination by whites
Marxism (miles) what are m/c EM members often in and why?
Lowest paid and status middle class jobs White middle class fail to accept then as having higher status
Marxism (castles and Kosack) where are immigrants concentrated?
Low skilled and paid jobs or unemployed
Marxism (castles and Kosack) what do immigrants provide that capitalism needs?
Reserve army of labour
Marxism (castles and Kosack) what do immigrants reduce?
Wages and bargaining power
Marxism (castles and Kosack) why does capitalism need a reserve army of labour?
Booms and busts of capitalism
Marxism (castles and Kosack) what does divide and rule do?
Turns w/c against each other
Immigrants provide a scapegoat
Marxism (castles and Kosack) criticism - ignore not all EM members are what?
Disadvantaged
5000 Muslim millionaires in britain
Marxism (castles and Kosack) criticism - what does de industrialisation mean for immigrants?
Much tighter laws
They need higher skills to stay
