1.2 Family Diversity - patterns

Question 1

what is the government definition of a household?

Answer 1

one or more people sharing accommodation and living together

Question 2

what is the government definition of a family?

Answer 2

a couple with or without children or a lone parent with children

Question 3

what is the nuclear family?

Answer 3

a father mother and one or more children (biological or adopted) living together - seen as the typical/normal family

Question 4

stats from the ONS show which type of family is the most common?

Answer 4

nuclear - 4.7 million married couples with dependant children

Question 5

what has been the only family type to decrease in number since 1996?

Answer 5

nuclear

with cohabiting couples and single parents increasing

Question 6

what are extended families?

Answer 6

families including relatives beyond nuclear

Question 7

what are vertically extended families?

Answer 7

families comprising of 3 generations living together e.g. grandparents, parents and children

Question 8

what are horizontally extended families?

Answer 8

relatives from same generation living together e.g. two brothers and their wives and children

Question 9

who were extended families particularly important for?

Answer 9

traditional working class

Question 10

now the extended family is seen to be in decline, Young and Willmott say this is due to the emergence of the symmetrical family, what is this?

Answer 10

based on nuclear family centred on husband and wife relationship

Question 11

Beck and Beck- Gurnsheim have argued individualisation has contributed to decline in extended families how?

Answer 11

individuals choose their own lifestyles

they can choose to maintain ties with extended families or not

Question 12

according to the ONS what percent of families are multifamily households (inc. extended)?

Answer 12

less than 1%

Question 13

what is the fastest growing type of household according to the ONS?(2013)

Answer 13

multifamily

Question 14

today most extended families are dispersed extended families according to willmott what is this?

Answer 14

nuclear families are main unit, relatives don’t live together but can rely on network of extended family members for support

Question 15

what has contributed to the dispersion of extended families?

Answer 15

better transport and technology for communication

Question 16

what are lone parent families?

Answer 16

single parent caring for one or more children

Question 17

in what percentage of lone parent families is the lone parent the mother? and what does this reflect?

Answer 17

91%

reflecting women are more likely to take on caring responsibilities

Question 18

in 2013 how many lone parents were there with dependant children?

Answer 18

1.9 million

Question 19

what percentage of families with dependent children do lone parent families represent?

Answer 19

25%

Question 20

what is a reconstituted family?

Answer 20

when a couple come together and form a family with at least one child from a previous relationship

Question 21

in 2011 how many reconstituted families with dependant children were there in England and wales?

Answer 21

544,000

Question 22

what percent of couple families with dependent children are reconstituted?

Answer 22

11%

Question 23

according to gov stats, how much more likely are children in lone parent families to be in poverty compared to children in couple families?

Answer 23

twice as likely

Question 24

how many children in lone parent families are in poverty?

Answer 24

43%

4 in 10

Question 25

Spencer found children in lone parent families were more at risk of what?

Answer 25

poor health low educational achievement anti social behaviour

Question 26

what are same sex families?

Answer 26

same sex couples with children

Question 27

how many civil partnerships were their in 2013?

Answer 27

8000

Question 28

how many cohabiting same sex couples were there in 2013?

Answer 28

5000

Question 29

what do same sex families remain?

Answer 29

a minority of families in the uk - but has been significant change recently e.g. legislation of same sex marriage

Question 30

what are non family households?

Answer 30

households made up of one person living alone or friends living together e.g students in shared accomodation

Question 31

in 2013 how many households were single person households?

Answer 31

7.8. million

Question 32

what are some reasons for the increase in people living alone?(kilenberg)

Answer 32

cult of the individual communications revolution ageing population

Question 33

what is the cult of the individual?

Answer 33

individuals more focused on themselves than role in traditional structures - can chose to opt out and live alone

Question 34

why does the communications revolution lead to living alone?

Answer 34

can still have social life when living alone

Question 35

what are LATs?

Answer 35

living apart together

Question 36

why might people be LAT? (Haskey and Lewis)

Answer 36

work commitments | prelude to cohabitation or marriage

Question 37

Roseneil and Budgeon ( rejecting heteronorm) study those living alone what two key changes did they focus on?

Answer 37

friends taking the place of the family | decentering of conjugal relationships

Question 38

(Roseneil and Budgeon) how are friends replacing the family?

Answer 38

changing personal relationships - colleagues, friends, extended family taking place of traditional family

Question 39

(Roseneil and Budgeon) what is the decentering of conjugal relationships?

Answer 39

people no longer building lives around marriage and a family - nuclear family is no longer central to a persons life

Question 40

(Roseneil and Budgeon) see changes as breakdown of the heteronorm, what is the heteronorm?

Answer 40

that intimate relationships between heterosexual couples are the normal intimate relationship

Question 41

What is a household?

Answer 41

One or more people sharing accommodation living together

Question 42

What is a family (gov)?

Answer 42

A couple with or without children | Lone parent with children

Question 43

What is a family according to Murdock?

Answer 43

Adults of both sects maintaining a socially approved sexual relationship with one or more children

Question 44

Why did Murdock say the nuclear family was universal?

Answer 44

His own study of 250 societies - nuclear family existed in all

Question 45

(Murdock) criticism - according to Gough what do all societies not have?

Answer 45

Nuclear family | Nayar of India - wives and husbands did not live together and they could have several partners

Question 46

(Murdock) criticism - who does his definition exclude?

Answer 46

Lone parents Same sex couples Reconstituted families Couples without children

Question 47

(Murdock) criticism - not all families live where?

Answer 47

In the same household - LATs