2.2 Patterns in gender inequality Flashcards
(work) over the past 40 years what has happened to the number of women in employment?
increased
(work) what differences exist between men and women in employment?
the work they do
how much work they do
their pay and conditions
(work) ONS - which occupations do women dominate?
caring and leisure
(work) ONS - who make up the majority of the top 10% of earners for all employees?
men
(work) men tend to work in professional occupations associated with what?
higher levels of pay
(work) women are less likely to be upwardly mobile and are more likely to be what?
downwardly mobile
(work) savage found men were how much more likely to climb the career ladder?
40%
(work) Li and Devine found black African and Caribbean women have experienced how much of a fall in full time employment?
15-20%
(work) how many Bangladeshi men and women work part time?
one third
(work) what are the 4 causes of gender inequality the Fawcett society identify?
discrimination
unequal caring responsibilities
divided labour market
men in senior roles
(work) how does discrimination lead to gender inequality?
women are paid less for the same work
54000 women are forced to leave their job early each year due to poor treatment after having a baby
(work) how do unequal caring responsibilities lead to gender inequality?
women have more responsibility caring for kids and elderly relatives so more women work part time with fewer progression opportunities
(work) how does the divided labour market lead to gender inequality?
women likely to be in low paid and skilled jobs
80% working in low paid care sector are women
women make up 60% of those earning less than living wage
(work) how does men in most senior roles contribute to gender inequality?
men make up majority of those in high paid senior roles e.g. just 5 female CEOs in the FTSE 100
(Gender pay gap) what is the gender pay gap?
Women can expect to earn less than men
Current gap for full time workers is 13.9%
(Income and wealth) what percent of women have persistent low income?
22%
(Income and wealth) what percent of men have persistent low income?
14%
(Income and wealth) what percent of people on minimum wage are women?
70%
(Income and wealth) how much of the worlds wealth do women own?
1%
(Poverty) women represent what percent of the worlds poor?
70%
(Poverty) what percent of children in lone parent families are poor?
52%
(Poverty) what percent of lone parent families are headed by women?
90%
(Poverty) trusses group - how does poverty affect women differently?
Many women will go hungry to feed their children
(Poverty) what study did the Joseph rowntree foundation do?
Women in poverty
(Poverty) JRF - the women saw poverty as what type of issue?
Human rights issue
(Poverty) JRF - women often sacrificed what?
Basic needs for their family
(Poverty) JRF - women felt poverty affected their ability to what?
Be good parents - couldn’t provide small luxuries
(Poverty) JRF - poverty caused the women to have low what?
Self esteem and confidence
(Poverty) JRF - the women felt disrespected and socially what?
Isolated
(Poverty) JRF - financial insecurity meant lack of opportunity to do what?
Improve situation
(Men) family - what did warin find men were under pressure to do?
Provide for their family
(Men) family - in the study in hartlepool why did the men feel frustrated?
Unemployed or disabled
Frustrated they couldn’t live up to expectation of being the breadwinner
(Men) work- men dominate which jobs?
Lowest paid and least security most dangerous jobs
(Men) health - how much longer are women likely to live?
4 years
(Men) health - what sort of issues are men more likely to have?
Drug or alcohol issues
(Men) education - who outperforms at all levels?
Girls
(Men)education - who are the largest underachieving group?
White working class boys
