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Fast facts and recaps > 28/2 > Flashcards

28/2 Flashcards

1
Q

triad - renal cancer

A

loin mass, loin pain, haematuria

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2
Q

bladder cancer - presentation

A

visible haematuria
recurrent UTIs
voiding symptoms

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3
Q

most likely cause of third cranial nerve compression

A

extradural bleed

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4
Q

sign of third cranial nerve compression

A

blown R pupil

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5
Q

most common cause of ascending cholangitis

A

E.coli
klebsiella

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6
Q

ascending cholangitis - Ix, Mx

A

Ix - USS first line (duct dilation, bile duct stones)
Mx - Iv abx, ERCP after 24-48hrs

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7
Q

what is carcinoid syndrome

A

when mets in liver release serotonin

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8
Q

Ix - carcinoid syndrome

A

urinary 5-HIAA
plasma chromogranin A y

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9
Q

GBS - features

A

resp mm weakness
weakness ascends
reduced or absent reflexes
sensory symtpoms - mild
CN - diplopia, bilateral facial nn palsy, oropharyngeal weakness
autonomic - urinary retention, diarrrhoea

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10
Q

HNPCC - genetics

A

lynch syndrome
auto dom
90% develop cancers, prox colon
MSH2, MLH1
endometrial cancer

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11
Q

FAP - genetics

A

rare auto dom
polyps by 30-40yrs
carcinoma
APC - tumour supressor gene

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12
Q

breast cancer - mx

A

surgery - except frail, elderly with mets
prior to sx - no palpable axillary lymph need pre-op axillary uss, if axillary lymph then clearance needed in surgery
radiotherapy - wide local excision or mastectomy AND T3/4, four or more axillary nodes
hormonal therapy - if ER+ve
biological therapy - herceptin if HER2 positive, CI in heart disorders
chemo - prior to surgery or after e.g. if axillary node

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13
Q

type of surgery - breast cancer mx

A

mastectomy - multifocal, central, large lesion, DCIS>4cm
wide local excision - solitary, peripheral, small, DCIS<4cm

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14
Q

behcet’s triad

A

oral ulcer
genital ulcer
uveitis

VTE also seen

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15
Q

painful ulcer - dx

A 
chancroid 
herpes (2 if genital, 1 if oral)
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16
Q

painless ulcer - dx

A

syphilis

17
Q

_______ reduce the absorption of levothyroxine and should be given ___ apart

A

iron/ calcium supplements reduce absorption of levothyroxine and should be given 4 hours apart

18
Q

DM drug used in obese pt

A

sitagliptin (DDP-4 I)

19
Q

furosemide MOA

A

loop diuretic
inhibits NaKCl transportr in thick ascending limb of loop of henle

20
Q

first line insulin regimen in newly diagnosed T1DM

A

basal-bolus regimen with b.d. insukin determir

21
Q

Rf for pericarditis

A

infection - coxsackie
TB
uraemia
trauma
post mi, dresslers
CTD
hypothyroidism
malignancy
SLE

22
Q

mx of SIADH

A

fluid restriction

23
Q

recognising SIADH

A

hyponatraemia + low serum osmolality
high urine osmolality

24
Q

most common tpe of breasty cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type

25
Q

types breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma - no special type

invasive lobular carcinoma

ductal carcinoma-in-situ

lobular carcinoma-in-situ

rare - medullar, mucinous, tubular, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metaplastic, lymphoma, basal type, phyllodes, papillary

26
Q

paget’s disease of nipple

A

eczematoid change of nipple - underlyinh breast malignancy

1-2% breast cancer

27
Q

mucinous carcinoma

A

2-3% of all breast cancers

better prognosis than non special type

28
Q

comedo necrosis is a fature of ______

A

high nuclear grade ductal carcinoma in situ

29
Q

snowstorn sign on uss of axillary lymph node

A

extracapsular breast implant rupture

30
Q

Mx - mastitis

A

first line - continue breast feeding

unwell/ not improve in 12-24hrs of effective milk removal - 10-14D fluclox

complication - breast abscess

31
Q

SE of anastrazole

A

osteoporosis - DEXA scan first

hot flushes

arthralgia, myalgia

insomnia

32
Q

tamoxifen - SE

A

menstrual disturbance - vag bleed, amenorrhoea

hot flushes

VTE

endometrial cancer

33
Q

bloody nipple discharge in young women indicates

A

intraductal papilloma

Fast facts and recaps (39 decks)

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