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Question 1

weakness of dorsiflexion - nerve damage

Answer 1

common peroneal nerve

L4-S2

Question 2

weakness of plantar flexion - nerve damage

Answer 2

tibilar nerve

L4-S2

Question 3

Mx - generalised tonic-clonc seizures

Answer 3

sodium valproate

lamotrigine, carbamezapine

Question 4

Mx - absence seizures (petit mal)

Answer 4

sodium valproate or ethosuximide

worsens seizures - carbamezapine

Question 5

Mx - myoclonic seizures

Answer 5

sodium valproate
clonazepam, lamotrigine

worsens seizures - carbamezapine

Question 6

Mx - focal seizures

Answer 6

carbamezapine and lamotrigine

levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, sodium valproate

Question 7

biguanide

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CI

Answer 7

e.g. metformin
MOA - increase peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE - GI disturbance, lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency
CI - eGFR<30 standard, <40 MR

Question 8

sulphonylureas

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CI

Answer 8

e.g. mide/ zide
MOA - increased insulin release
SE - liver dysfunction, GI disturbance
CI - risk of hypo

Question 9

SGLT-2 inhibitors

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CI

Answer 9

e.g. flozin
MOA - DE renal glucose reabsorption
SE - fournier’s gangrene (necrotising fascitis of genitalia and perineum), UTI, euglycaemic DKA
CI - renal failure

Question 10

PPAR-Y activators

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CI

Answer 10

e.g. zone
MOA - IN peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE - wt gain, fluid retention, liver dysfunction, bladder cancer
CI - obesity, liver disease, CCF

Question 11

DDP-4 inhibitors

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CI

Answer 11

e.g. gliptin
MOA - DE peptide breakdown, IN PP insulin release
SE - rare pancreatitis, GI disturbance
CI - renal/ liver/ cardiac failure

Question 12

GLP-1 mimetics

• e.g.
• MOA
• SE
• CIe.

Answer 12

e.g. tide
MOA - same as DDP-4
SE rare pancreaitits, wt loss, GI disturbance
De CV rfsk