2.2 Carbohydrate Chemistry

Question 1

Most important source of energy for our bodyOne of the main types of nutrientsMost abundant biomolecule on earth

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Compounds with the same formulas and order of attachment of atoms, but with different arrangement of these atoms in space

Answer 2

Stereoisomers

Question 3

Sterioisomers that are mirror images of one anotherNon-superimposableConfiguration is determined by position of the hydroxyl group on the highest number assymetric carbon

Answer 3

Enantiomers

Question 4

Classification of anomeric carbon when OH group is below

Answer 4

Alpha

Question 5

Classification of anomeric carbon when OH group is above

Answer 5

Beta

Question 6

Biologically, is the most important monosaccharideAldohexose

Answer 6

D-glucose

Question 7

An epimer of glucose in the position of OH at c4

Answer 7

D-galactose

Question 8

An aldohexose, which is also an epimer of glucose in the OH configuration at c2

Answer 8

D-Mannose

Question 9

A ketohexose, differs from glucose in c1 and c2

Answer 9

D-fructose

Question 10

An aldopentose, found in RNA; structural elements of nucleic acids and coenzymes

Answer 10

D-ribose

Question 11

Reuced form of ribose; differs from ribose in c2; found in DNA

Answer 11

D-deoxyribose

Question 12

primary structural linkage in all polymers of monosaccharides; covalent bonds that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule

Answer 12

Glycosidic bond formation

Question 13

Structure of maltose

Answer 13

Two alpha-D-glucose linked by an alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond

Question 14

Structure of lactose

Answer 14

Glucose + galactose at b1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 15

Structure of sucrose

Answer 15

glucose + fructose formed by alpha1, beta2-glycosidic bond

Question 16

Storage of glucose in plant cells

Answer 16

Starch

Question 17

Linear unbranched polymer of D-glucose with alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond

Answer 17

Amylose

Question 18

branched version of amylose; alpha 1,6-glycosidic bond for every 24-30

Answer 18

Amylopectin

Question 19

Main storage of glucose in animal cells; stored in liver and muscles; same structure as amylopectin but is more highly branched; one alpha1,6-glycosidic bond for every 8-12 alpha 1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

A polysaccharide that is an insoluble fiber; intermediates of the hydrolysis of starch; aids in the hydrolysis of poly/disaccharides into monosaccharides; alpha 1,6 and alpha1,4 glycosidic bonds

Answer 20

A-dextrin

Question 21

Main component of plant cell walls;unbranched polumer of repeated glucose units linked by B1,4-glycosidic bondsHigh tensile strength

Answer 21

Cellulose

Question 22

Provide communication sites between cells and the extracellular surroundings

Answer 22

Carbohydrate polymer

Question 23

Dysfunction in metabolism of galactocerebroside

Answer 23

Krabbe disease

Question 24

Ceremide + galactose=Serve as markers for myelin sheath

Answer 24

Galactocerebroside

Question 25

Ceremide + glucose

Answer 25

Glucocerebroside

Question 26

Enzyme deficiency that causes lipid accumulation in cells

Answer 26

Gaucher’s disease

Question 27

Three major classes of carbohydrates and their subclassifications

Answer 27

Monosaccharides: Hexoses, Sugar alcohols, PentosesOligosaccharides: Disaccharides, Trisaccharides, TetrasaccharidesPolysaccharides: Digestible, partially digestible, indigestible

Question 28

Steroisomers which differ in the arrangement of only one asymmetric carbon

Answer 28

Epimer

Question 29

Carbons where epimers differ

Answer 29

Carbons 2-4