2.1 Intro to Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolic hub- responsible for the distribution of nutrients that enter the body

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Only substances that can pass through the blood brain barrier

Answer 2

Glucose and ketone bodies

Question 3

General pathway of aerobic glycolysis

Answer 3

Glucose–>pyruvate–>acetyl coa

Question 4

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 4

Lactate

Question 5

Phosphorylation of molecules is done through

Answer 5

Oxidation reduction reactions

Question 6

Explain substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 6

Phosphorylation of ADP involves a dehydrogenation reaction coupled with the dehydrogenation of an organic substrateATP is not the donor. The substrate PEP becomes pyruvate via phosphorylation by pyruvate kinase taking an inorganic phosphate from cellular cytosol

Question 7

Explain oxidative phosphorylationGive products

Answer 7

Products are water and atpHydrokysis of the anhydride releases energy

Question 8

Central molecule of all oxidative pathways for cellular respiration/oxidation

Answer 8

Acetyl CoA

Question 9

Metabolic regulation depends largely on two concepts: __ and __

Answer 9

Enzymatic controlAvailability of substrate

Question 10

Amino acids synthesized during 1st days of starvation, and their path of action

Answer 10

Alanine—> liver for gluconeogenesisGlutamine—> kidney for ammoniagenesisis; or gut to be converted to alanine which goes to the liver for gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Catalyzes phosphorylation reactions

Answer 11

Protein Kinases

Question 12

Catalyzes dephosphorylation reaction

Answer 12

Protein Phosphatase

Question 13

3 principles of metabolism:

Answer 13

Fuels are degraded and large molecules are constructed in a series of linked reactionsATP liks energ-releasing pathways with energy requiring pathwaysMetabolic pathways are highly regulated

Question 14

Amount of ATP circulating in the body is

Answer 14

100 g

Question 15

Phosphorylation of molecules is done primarily through

Answer 15

Redox Reactions

Question 16

Main fuel source of metabolism

Answer 16

Carbohydrates

Question 17

General path of ATP production using carbohydrates

Answer 17

Carbohydrates> simple sugars (glucose) > Acetyl CoA

Question 18

General path of ATP production using proteins

Answer 18

Proteins > amino acids > Acetyl CoA

Question 19

General path of ATP production using fats

Answer 19

Fats > fatty acids + glycerol > Acetyl Coa

Question 20

Fate of excess glucose

Answer 20

Converted to glycogen and stored in liver or muscles

Question 21

Fate of amino acids

Answer 21

Excreted in the form of urea

Question 22

Fate of triacylglycerol

Answer 22

Stored in the adipose tissue

Question 23

Type of inhibition where the end product of a pathway controls its own rate of synthesis

Answer 23

Feedback inhibition

Question 24

A type of activation where a metabolite produced early in the pathway activates an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction further down the pathway

Answer 24

Feedforward inactivation