20. Participles (Info)

Question 1

A participle is not a verb. What is it?

Answer 1

a verbal adjective

Question 2

The subject of the participle is always the same case as what?

Answer 2

• The participle

Question 3

For every participle, what three things do we examine?

Answer 3

• Type of participle
• Subject of the participle
• Role in the sentence

Question 4

What are the three main types of participles?

Answer 4

• Adjectival (attributive or substantive)
• Supplementary
• Circumstantial (adverbial)

Question 5

How can you trace an adjectival participle?

Answer 5

• It bears a definite article and functions in the sentence like a noun or an adjective

Question 6

What four things can an adjectival participle function as in a sentence?

Answer 6

• The subject of the verb
• The object of the verb
• A complement
• An adjective moderating a noun

Question 7

What are the two types of adjectival participle?

Answer 7

• Substantive
• Attributive

Question 8

When is a participle considered substantive?

Answer 8

When it appears in a sentence with an article and does not modify a noun

Question 9

How does a substantive participle function in the sentence?

Answer 9

• As a noun

Question 10

What is the subject of a substantive participle?

Answer 10

• its article

Question 11

What 4 roles can a substantive participle play in a sentence?

Answer 11

• subject of a verb
• object of a verb
• complement
• any other nominal term in the sentence, just like a noun

Question 12

Can a substantive participle still have an object, complement or agent? Why?

Answer 12

• Yes
• Because it maintains its verbal elements

Question 13

How is a substantive participle translated?

Answer 13

With a relative clause

Question 14

What is an attributive participle?

Answer 14

• An adjectival participle that agrees with a noun in the sentence

Question 15

All grammatical elements of an attributive participle depend on what?

Answer 15

• On the noun with which it agrees

Question 16

What is the subject of an attributive participle?

Answer 16

The noun itself

Question 17

How does an attributive participle function in a sentence?

Answer 17

• As an adjective moderating that noun with which it agrees

Question 18

Can an attributive participle still have an object, complement or agent? Why?

Answer 18

• Yes
• Because it maintains its verbal elements

Question 19

How is an attributive participle translated?

Answer 19

with a relative clause

Question 20

What does a supplementary participle usually refer to? What does it supplement?

Answer 20

• The object of the verb
• Supplements the action mentioned by the verb

Question 21

When the supplementary participle is not in indirect speech, what role can it have in the sentence?

Answer 21

• It can be the (indirect) object of a verb just like a noun

Question 22

When the supplementary participle is in an indirect speech, what two things can it be? What is this like?

Answer 22

• indirect statement or indirect command
• just like an infinitive

Question 23

When a supplementary participle is not in an indirect speech, how is it to be translated into English?

Answer 23

• With bare infinitive or -ing

Question 24

There are some cases in which the supplementary participle is in the nominative case and agrees with the subject of the verb. In those cases, how do we translate the participle? What is its function in the sentence?

Answer 24

• We translate the participle with the main verb with an adverbial phrase
• in these cases the supplementary participle is the complement to the subject and the verb is considered connecting

Question 25

A circumstantial participle is directly associated with what? What does it provide?

Answer 25

• associated directly with the verb
• provides an adverbial clause

Question 26

What are the 6 types of circumstantial participle?

Answer 26

• Temporal participle
• Participle of manner
• Final Participle
• Causal Participle
• Conditional Participle
• Concessive Participle

Question 27

What tenses can a temporal participle be in? How does it function?

Answer 27

• all tenses, but especially in the aorist
• functions as an adverbial clause of time

Question 28

What tense does a Participle of manner normally appear in? How does it function?

Answer 28

• Normally appears in the present tense
• Functions as an adverbial phrase of manner

Question 29

What tense does a Final Participle normally appear in? What does it indicate? How does it function? What does it normally follow?

Answer 29

• Normally appears in the future tense
• Indicates purpose
• Functions as an adverbial clause of purpose
• Normally follows a verb of motion

Question 30

How does a Causal Participle function? What tense can it be in? What sometimes comes before these participles? What does it normally follow?

Answer 30

• Functions as an adverbial clause of cause
• Can be in any tense
• ὡς or ἁτε sometimes comes before these participles
• Normally it follows a verb indicating emotion

Question 31

How does a Conditional Participle function? What tense can it be in? What does it sometimes follow?

Answer 31

• Functions as an adverbial clause of condition or a conditional clause
• Can be in any tense
• It sometimes follows a verb in the future tense

Question 32

How does a Concessive Participle function? What tense can it be? What two words sometimes appear next to this participle?

Answer 32

• Functions as an adverbial concessive clause
• Can be in any tense
• Sometimes καιπερ and καιτοι appear next to this participle

Question 33

Add genitive absolute etc

Answer 33

• idk