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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 15. Human Overload and Stress > Flashcards

15. Human Overload and Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Arousal and Stress

A state of physiological or psychological excitement

A

AROUSAL

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2
Q

Arousal and Stress

Arousal is a natural beneficial reaction which renders the individual MORE or LESS sensitive to ____ and more able to respond to them quickly

A
  1. MORE
  2. EXTERNAL STIMULI

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3
Q

Arousal and Stress

Physiologically arousal results in higher (i)____, higher (ii)____ and (iii)____ to respond physically

A
  1. HIGHER HEART RATE
  2. HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE
  3. INCREASED READINESS

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4
Q

Arousal and Stress

Psychologically arousal results in INCREASED or DECREASED sensitivity to stimuli, and a general increase in ____ and ____

A
  1. INCREASED
  2. WAKEFULNESS
  3. ALERTNESS

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5
Q

Arousal and Stress

A heightened state of arousal caused by external events

A

STRESS

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6
Q

Arousal and Stress

Stress is caused by external events known as what

A

STRESSORS

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7
Q

Arousal and Stress

Peformance is at its best when you are what

A

ON HIGH ALERT

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8
Q

Arousal and Stress

Beyond the state of high alertness, what sort of performance drops off sharply

A

COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

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9
Q

Arousal and Stress

Complete the following Yerkes Dodson Law Graph

Answer Options
HIGH ALERT | INCAPACITATION | AROUSAL or ANXIETY
TUNED OUT | START, SURPRISE, SHOCK | RELAXED AWARENESS
FOCUSED AWARENESS | PERFORMANCE

A
  1. PERFORMANCE
  2. AROUSAL or ANXIETY
  3. TUNED OUT
  4. RELAXED AWARENESS
  5. FOCUSED AWARENESS
  6. HIGH ALERT
  7. INCAPACITATION
  8. START, SURPRISE, SHOCK

COMPELTED

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10
Q

Arousal and Stress

Beyond the peak of the performance curve known as the ____ what happens to the level of performance as a result of overload and what is the resulting level

A
  1. BREAK POINT
  2. DROPS OFF QUICKLY
  3. INCAPACITATION

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11
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is an internal strain within the individual as a simple and direct reaction to a stressor”

A

ENGINEERING MODEL
physiological model
transational model

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12
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is a particular collection of physiological changes to the body in response to a stressor”

A

engineering model
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL
transational model

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13
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is a physiological and psychological response to a perceived stressor. The strength of the stress response is determined by the individuals perceptions of the stressor”

A

engineering model
physiological model
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

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14
Q

Arousal and Stress

What are the 3 models of stress

A

ENGINEERING
PHYSIOLOGICAL
TRANSACTIONAL

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15
Q

Arousal and Stress

“Unstable rostering, long periods away from hom, not enough or too much duty time and lack fo career progression”

This is an example of what sort of stressor

A

OCCUPATIONAL

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16
Q

Arousal and Stress

On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale anyone who amounts more than ____ points is in danger of what

A
  1. 150 POINTS
  2. FULL-BLOWN LIFE CRISIS

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17
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is a definition of which type of stressor;

“Anything which impinges sharply on the senses or disrupts the physiological balance

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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18
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are an example of what sort of stressor;

Excessive heat, noise, vibration, extremes of humidity

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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19
Q

Arousal and Stress

One of the key factors that determines how stressful a stressor is perceived to be is its ____

A

CONTROLLABILITY

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20
Q

Arousal and Stress

A disruption of the circadian rhythm is a significant cause of what type of stress

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS

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21
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is a definition of which type of stressor;

“Fear or anxiety causing stress whether it be rational or irrational”

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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22
Q

Arousal and Stress

What name is given to an irrational psychological stressor

A

PHOBIA

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23
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are symptoms of becoming what from stressors;

  1. Increased blood pressure
  2. Low modd and low energy
  3. decreased conginitive performance and poor decision making
  4. Difficulty in concentrating
  5. Lack of productivity
  6. Insomnia
  7. Permanent feeling of being tired
  8. Irritability
  9. Forgetfulness
  10. Tunnelling of attention
A

OVERLOADED

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24
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are causes of becoming what from stressors;

  1. Routine, very familiar, repetitve tasks
  2. Long periods of inactivity or low workload
  3. High level of automation
A

UNDERLOAD

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25
# Arousal and Stress The symptoms of underload are what 3 things
1. HYPOVIGILANCE 2. TIREDNESS 3. BOREDOM ## Footnote 553
26
# Startle, Surprise and Shock A reflex action to a sudden stimulus, for example flinching at the sound of a loud bang
STARTLE RESPONSE ## Footnote 555
27
# Startle, Surprise and Shock A prolonged and very intense reaction to a stressful event triggered in the limbic system of the lower brain
SURPRISE and SHOCK ## Footnote 555
28
# Startle, Surprise and Shock The *surprise and shock* element is triggered in what system, which is part of the lower brain
LIMBIC SYSTEM ## Footnote 555
29
# Startle, Surprise and Shock *Surprise and shock* can do what to the upper brain for how long
HIJACK UPPER BRAIN FUNCTIONS UPTO 60 SECONDS ## Footnote 555
30
# General Adapation Syndrome What does 'GAS' stand for, also known as *fight or flight* response
GENERAL ADAPATION SYNDROME ## Footnote 557
31
# General Adapation Syndrome *GAS* is initiated and mediated by the bodies 'what' system | General Adapation Syndrome
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ## Footnote 557
32
# General Adapation Syndrome What are the 3 distinct phases of *GAS* | General Adapation Syndrome
1. ALARM (reaction) 2. RESISTANCE 3. EXHAUSTION ## Footnote 557
33
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition of which of the 3 GAS distinct phases; * Brief initial shock * heart rate increases * muscle tension * Blood sugar rises * Blood diverted to brain | General Adapation Syndrome
ALARM (reaction) ## Footnote 557
34
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition of whcih of the 3 GAS distinct phases; * Sustained physiological response * Corticosteroids released * Blood flow raised * Blood sugar level preserved * Fat instantly available in blood for sugar | General Adapation Syndrome
RESISTANCE PHASE ## Footnote 557
35
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition fo which of the 3 GAS distinct phases; * Eventual physiological depletion * Bodys resources become depleted * Fat reserves in blood used up * Drop in blood sugar level
EXHAUSTION PHASE ## Footnote 557
36
# General Adapation Syndrome The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS; 1. increased ____ rate 2. Increased ____ rate 3. Increased ____ tension 4. Reduced production of ____ 5. Loss of ____ 6. High level of ____ 7. Increased ____ levels | General Adapation Syndrome
1. increased HEART rate 2. Increased RESPIRATION rate 3. Increased MUSCLE tension 4. Reduced production of SALIVA 5. Loss of APPETITE 6. High level of ALERTNESS 7. Increased ENERGY levels ## Footnote 559
37
# General Adapation Syndrome The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS; 1. *INCREASED or DECREASED* heart rate 2. *INCREASED or DECREASED* respiration rate 3. *INCREASED or DECREASED* muscle tension 4. *INCREASED or DECREASED* production of saliva 5. *INCREASE or DECREASE* is appetite 6. *HIGH or LOW* level of alertness 7. *INCREASED or DECREASED* energy levels | General Adapation Syndrome
1. *INCREASED* heart rate 2. *INCREASED* respiration rate 3. *INCREASED* muscle tension 4. *DECREASED* production of saliva 5. *DECREASE* is appetite 6. *HIGH* level of alertness 7. *INCREASED* energy levels ## Footnote 559
38
# General Adapation Syndrome An effect of adrenaline is increased muscle tension, which causes what
TREMBLING ## Footnote 559
39
# General Adapation Syndrome The body's general physiological response to stress is open to what, by which organ
1. INTERPRETATION 2. BRAIN ## Footnote 559
40
# General Adapation Syndrome A permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle which, over time, constricts the blood flow thus raising blood pressure, is a result of exposure to what
CHRONIC STRESS this raises the heart rate and blood pressure ## Footnote Raising of heart rate and blood pressure as a result of chronic stress causes permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle 560
41
# General Adapation Syndrome The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline into the system helps break down fats ready to be converted into sugar, but this has the undesirable side effect of increasing levels of what in the blood stream
CHOLESTEROL ## Footnote 560
42
# General Adapation Syndrome What system that helps fight illness can be effected by chronic stress
IMMUNE SYSTEM ## Footnote 560
43
# General Adapation Syndrome What is released into the body when the immune system is triggered
CORTISOL ## Footnote 560
44
# General Adapation Syndrome Chronic stress results in permanently raised levels of cortisol, which significantly dampens the bodys what system and subsequently, makes it more what
1. IMMUNE SYSTEM 2. VULNERABLE TO ILLNESS ## Footnote 560
45
# General Adapation Syndrome Reactions to stressful events go on longer than the event itself. As a result, if 2 stressful events happen after each other, the effect of multiple stressors is said to be what
CUMULATIVE ## Footnote 560
46
# General Adapation Syndrome Why are the effects of multiple stressors said to be cumulative
REACTIONS TO STRESSFUL EVENTS GO ON LONGER THAN THE EVENT ITSELF ## Footnote 560
47
# General Adapation Syndrome What can happen as a result of the fact a reaction to a stressful event goes on longer than the event itself i.e. and argument with someone before boarding a flight
TRASNFERRED transfer stress from one situation to another ## Footnote 561
48
# General Adapation Syndrome What are the 3 major categories of reactions to stress
1. PSYCHOLOGICAL 2. PSYCHOSOMATIC 3. SOMATIC ## Footnote 562
49
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress; *"restlessness, nervoursness, excitement or anxiety. Chronic stress can lead to depression, moodiness and personality change."*
**PSYCHOLOGICAL** psychosomatic somatic ## Footnote 562
50
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress; *"phsyiologcail changes in body function. Chronic stress can result in illnesses such as coronary heart disease, peptic ulcers, permanently raised blood pressure"*
psychological **PSYCHOSOMATIC** somatic ## Footnote 562
51
# General Adapation Syndrome The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress; *"autonomic physiological responses i.e. alarm reaction to a shocking event"*
psychologica psychosomatic **SOMATIC** ## Footnote 562
52
# Response to stress Varies in intensity between individuals
STRESS RESPONSE ## Footnote 563
53
# Response to stress The stress response depends a lot on the individuals what in relation to the task and their ability to deal with it
PERCEIVED MISMATCH ## Footnote 563
54
# Coping with Stress The process of changing your thinking and behaviour to manage stressors
COPING ## Footnote 564
55
# Coping with Stress What are the 5 general categories of coping mechanisms
1. DIRECTION ACTION 2. INFORMATION SEEKING 3. INHIBITION 4. PALLIATIVE COPING 5. OBTAINING SUPPORT ## Footnote 564
56
# Coping with Stress The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms; *"The individual manipulates or changes the relationship with the stressor i.e. removing it or escapting from it"* direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support
**DIRECTION ACTION** information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support ## Footnote 564
57
# Coping with Stress The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms; *"A cognitive coping technique. The individual tries to understand the stressor better so that they can predict how its likely to affect them in future"* direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support
direct action **INFORMATION SEEKING** inhibition palliative coping obtaining support ## Footnote 564
58
# Coping with Stress The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms; *"Do nothing. An effective course of action only if the stressor is a short term one"* direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support
direct action information seeking **INHIBITION** palliative coping obtaining support ## Footnote 564
59
# Coping with Stress The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms; *"Form of symptom-directed coping. The individual reduces symptoms rather than addressing the cause i.e. using meditation or relaxation techniques such as taking drugs"* direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support
direct action information seeking inhibition **PALLIATIVE COPING** obtaining support ## Footnote 564
60
# Coping with Stress The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms; *"Turning to others for practical help or emotional support"* direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping obtaining support
direct action information seeking inhibition palliative coping **OBTAINING SUPPORT** ## Footnote 564
61
# Coping with Stress What are the 2 methods of professionally supported stress management techniques which are long-term coping methods
1. BIOFEEDBACK 2. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT) ## Footnote 565
62
# Coping with Stress Which long term coping method is defined below; *"Using a devince to provide obvious cues to your stress level"*
BIOFEEDBACK ## Footnote 565
63
# Coping with Stress Which long term coping method is defined below; *"Can be very effective and permanently change the way you react to stressors. Usually involves sessions with a therapist. You learn to understand and then rationalise your respons to stressors"*
COGNTITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT) ## Footnote 565
64
# Coping with Stress The individuals capacity to withstand stress without underirable or inappropriate reactions
STRESS TOLERANCE ## Footnote 565
65
Stress tolerance varies among individuals and depends on how much of what 3 things the person can withstand
1. TENSION 2. ANXIETY 3. FEAR ## Footnote 565
66
# Coping with Stress 5 influencers that can effect an individuals stress tolerance; 1. Natural level of ____ 2. ____ : related to age typically 3. Effective ____ 4. High ____ 5. High level of ____
1. Natural level of CALMNESS 2. MATURITY 3. Effective COPING MECHANISMS 4. High SELF-CONFIDENCE 5. High level of CONCENTRATION ## Footnote 565

ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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