15. Human Overload and Stress Flashcards
Arousal and Stress
A state of physiological or psychological excitement
AROUSAL
547
Arousal and Stress
Arousal is a natural beneficial reaction which renders the individual MORE or LESS sensitive to ____ and more able to respond to them quickly
- MORE
- EXTERNAL STIMULI
547
Arousal and Stress
Physiologically arousal results in higher (i)____, higher (ii)____ and (iii)____ to respond physically
- HIGHER HEART RATE
- HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE
- INCREASED READINESS
547
Arousal and Stress
Psychologically arousal results in INCREASED or DECREASED sensitivity to stimuli, and a general increase in ____ and ____
- INCREASED
- WAKEFULNESS
- ALERTNESS
547
Arousal and Stress
A heightened state of arousal caused by external events
STRESS
547
Arousal and Stress
Stress is caused by external events known as what
STRESSORS
547
Arousal and Stress
Peformance is at its best when you are what
ON HIGH ALERT
547
Arousal and Stress
Beyond the state of high alertness, what sort of performance drops off sharply
COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
547
Arousal and Stress
Complete the following Yerkes Dodson Law Graph
Answer Options
HIGH ALERT | INCAPACITATION | AROUSAL or ANXIETY
TUNED OUT | START, SURPRISE, SHOCK | RELAXED AWARENESS
FOCUSED AWARENESS | PERFORMANCE
- PERFORMANCE
- AROUSAL or ANXIETY
- TUNED OUT
- RELAXED AWARENESS
- FOCUSED AWARENESS
- HIGH ALERT
- INCAPACITATION
- START, SURPRISE, SHOCK
548
Arousal and Stress
Beyond the peak of the performance curve known as the ____ what happens to the level of performance as a result of overload and what is the resulting level
- BREAK POINT
- DROPS OFF QUICKLY
- INCAPACITATION
548
Arousal and Stress
The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;
“Stress is an internal strain within the individual as a simple and direct reaction to a stressor”
ENGINEERING MODEL
physiological model
transational model
549
Arousal and Stress
The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;
“Stress is a particular collection of physiological changes to the body in response to a stressor”
engineering model
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL
transational model
549
Arousal and Stress
The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;
“Stress is a physiological and psychological response to a perceived stressor. The strength of the stress response is determined by the individuals perceptions of the stressor”
engineering model
physiological model
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
549
Arousal and Stress
What are the 3 models of stress
ENGINEERING
PHYSIOLOGICAL
TRANSACTIONAL
549
Arousal and Stress
“Unstable rostering, long periods away from hom, not enough or too much duty time and lack fo career progression”
This is an example of what sort of stressor
OCCUPATIONAL
549
Arousal and Stress
On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale anyone who amounts more than ____ points is in danger of what
- 150 POINTS
- FULL-BLOWN LIFE CRISIS
549
Arousal and Stress
The following is a definition of which type of stressor;
“Anything which impinges sharply on the senses or disrupts the physiological balance
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR
551
Arousal and Stress
The following are an example of what sort of stressor;
Excessive heat, noise, vibration, extremes of humidity
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR
551
Arousal and Stress
One of the key factors that determines how stressful a stressor is perceived to be is its ____
CONTROLLABILITY
551
Arousal and Stress
A disruption of the circadian rhythm is a significant cause of what type of stress
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS
551
Arousal and Stress
The following is a definition of which type of stressor;
“Fear or anxiety causing stress whether it be rational or irrational”
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSOR
551
Arousal and Stress
What name is given to an irrational psychological stressor
PHOBIA
551
Arousal and Stress
The following are symptoms of becoming what from stressors;
- Increased blood pressure
- Low modd and low energy
- decreased conginitive performance and poor decision making
- Difficulty in concentrating
- Lack of productivity
- Insomnia
- Permanent feeling of being tired
- Irritability
- Forgetfulness
- Tunnelling of attention
OVERLOADED
553
Arousal and Stress
The following are causes of becoming what from stressors;
- Routine, very familiar, repetitve tasks
- Long periods of inactivity or low workload
- High level of automation
UNDERLOAD
553
Arousal and Stress
The symptoms of underload are what 3 things
- HYPOVIGILANCE
- TIREDNESS
- BOREDOM
553
Startle, Surprise and Shock
A reflex action to a sudden stimulus, for example flinching at the sound of a loud bang
STARTLE RESPONSE
555
Startle, Surprise and Shock
A prolonged and very intense reaction to a stressful event triggered in the limbic system of the lower brain
SURPRISE and SHOCK
555
Startle, Surprise and Shock
The surprise and shock element is triggered in what system, which is part of the lower brain
LIMBIC SYSTEM
555
Startle, Surprise and Shock
Surprise and shock can do what to the upper brain for how long
HIJACK UPPER BRAIN FUNCTIONS
UPTO 60 SECONDS
555
General Adapation Syndrome
What does ‘GAS’ stand for, also known as fight or flight response
GENERAL ADAPATION SYNDROME
557
General Adapation Syndrome
GAS is initiated and mediated by the bodies ‘what’ system
General Adapation Syndrome
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
557
General Adapation Syndrome
What are the 3 distinct phases of GAS
General Adapation Syndrome
- ALARM (reaction)
- RESISTANCE
- EXHAUSTION
557
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition of which of the 3 GAS distinct phases;
- Brief initial shock
- heart rate increases
- muscle tension
- Blood sugar rises
- Blood diverted to brain
General Adapation Syndrome
ALARM (reaction)
557
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition of whcih of the 3 GAS distinct phases;
- Sustained physiological response
- Corticosteroids released
- Blood flow raised
- Blood sugar level preserved
- Fat instantly available in blood for sugar
General Adapation Syndrome
RESISTANCE PHASE
557
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition fo which of the 3 GAS distinct phases;
- Eventual physiological depletion
- Bodys resources become depleted
- Fat reserves in blood used up
- Drop in blood sugar level
EXHAUSTION PHASE
557
General Adapation Syndrome
The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS;
- increased ____ rate
- Increased ____ rate
- Increased ____ tension
- Reduced production of ____
- Loss of ____
- High level of ____
- Increased ____ levels
General Adapation Syndrome
- increased HEART rate
- Increased RESPIRATION rate
- Increased MUSCLE tension
- Reduced production of SALIVA
- Loss of APPETITE
- High level of ALERTNESS
- Increased ENERGY levels
559
General Adapation Syndrome
The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS;
- INCREASED or DECREASED heart rate
- INCREASED or DECREASED respiration rate
- INCREASED or DECREASED muscle tension
- INCREASED or DECREASED production of saliva
- INCREASE or DECREASE is appetite
- HIGH or LOW level of alertness
- INCREASED or DECREASED energy levels
General Adapation Syndrome
- INCREASED heart rate
- INCREASED respiration rate
- INCREASED muscle tension
- DECREASED production of saliva
- DECREASE is appetite
- HIGH level of alertness
- INCREASED energy levels
559
General Adapation Syndrome
An effect of adrenaline is increased muscle tension, which causes what
TREMBLING
559
General Adapation Syndrome
The body’s general physiological response to stress is open to what, by which organ
- INTERPRETATION
- BRAIN
559
General Adapation Syndrome
A permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle which, over time, constricts the blood flow thus raising blood pressure, is a result of exposure to what
CHRONIC STRESS
this raises the heart rate and blood pressure
Raising of heart rate and blood pressure as a result of chronic stress causes permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle
560
General Adapation Syndrome
The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline into the system helps break down fats ready to be converted into sugar, but this has the undesirable side effect of increasing levels of what in the blood stream
CHOLESTEROL
560
General Adapation Syndrome
What system that helps fight illness can be effected by chronic stress
IMMUNE SYSTEM
560
General Adapation Syndrome
What is released into the body when the immune system is triggered
CORTISOL
560
General Adapation Syndrome
Chronic stress results in permanently raised levels of cortisol, which significantly dampens the bodys what system and subsequently, makes it more what
- IMMUNE SYSTEM
- VULNERABLE TO ILLNESS
560
General Adapation Syndrome
Reactions to stressful events go on longer than the event itself. As a result, if 2 stressful events happen after each other, the effect of multiple stressors is said to be what
CUMULATIVE
560
General Adapation Syndrome
Why are the effects of multiple stressors said to be cumulative
REACTIONS TO STRESSFUL EVENTS GO ON LONGER THAN THE EVENT ITSELF
560
General Adapation Syndrome
What can happen as a result of the fact a reaction to a stressful event goes on longer than the event itself i.e. and argument with someone before boarding a flight
TRASNFERRED
transfer stress from one situation to another
561
General Adapation Syndrome
What are the 3 major categories of reactions to stress
- PSYCHOLOGICAL
- PSYCHOSOMATIC
- SOMATIC
562
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;
“restlessness, nervoursness, excitement or anxiety. Chronic stress can lead to depression, moodiness and personality change.”
PSYCHOLOGICAL
psychosomatic
somatic
562
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;
“phsyiologcail changes in body function. Chronic stress can result in illnesses such as coronary heart disease, peptic ulcers, permanently raised blood pressure”
psychological
PSYCHOSOMATIC
somatic
562
General Adapation Syndrome
The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;
“autonomic physiological responses i.e. alarm reaction to a shocking event”
psychologica
psychosomatic
SOMATIC
562
Response to stress
Varies in intensity between individuals
STRESS RESPONSE
563
Response to stress
The stress response depends a lot on the individuals what in relation to the task and their ability to deal with it
PERCEIVED MISMATCH
563
Coping with Stress
The process of changing your thinking and behaviour to manage stressors
COPING
564
Coping with Stress
What are the 5 general categories of coping mechanisms
- DIRECTION ACTION
- INFORMATION SEEKING
- INHIBITION
- PALLIATIVE COPING
- OBTAINING SUPPORT
564
Coping with Stress
The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;
“The individual manipulates or changes the relationship with the stressor i.e. removing it or escapting from it”
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
DIRECTION ACTION
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
564
Coping with Stress
The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;
“A cognitive coping technique. The individual tries to understand the stressor better so that they can predict how its likely to affect them in future”
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
direct action
INFORMATION SEEKING
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
564
Coping with Stress
The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;
“Do nothing. An effective course of action only if the stressor is a short term one”
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
direct action
information seeking
INHIBITION
palliative coping
obtaining support
564
Coping with Stress
The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;
“Form of symptom-directed coping. The individual reduces symptoms rather than addressing the cause i.e. using meditation or relaxation techniques such as taking drugs”
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
PALLIATIVE COPING
obtaining support
564
Coping with Stress
The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;
“Turning to others for practical help or emotional support”
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support
direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
OBTAINING SUPPORT
564
Coping with Stress
What are the 2 methods of professionally supported stress management techniques which are long-term coping methods
- BIOFEEDBACK
- COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT)
565
Coping with Stress
Which long term coping method is defined below;
“Using a devince to provide obvious cues to your stress level”
BIOFEEDBACK
565
Coping with Stress
Which long term coping method is defined below;
“Can be very effective and permanently change the way you react to stressors. Usually involves sessions with a therapist. You learn to understand and then rationalise your respons to stressors”
COGNTITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
(CBT)
565
Coping with Stress
The individuals capacity to withstand stress without underirable or inappropriate reactions
STRESS TOLERANCE
565
Stress tolerance varies among individuals and depends on how much of what 3 things the person can withstand
- TENSION
- ANXIETY
- FEAR
565
Coping with Stress
5 influencers that can effect an individuals stress tolerance;
- Natural level of ____
- ____ : related to age typically
- Effective ____
- High ____
- High level of ____
- Natural level of CALMNESS
- MATURITY
- Effective COPING MECHANISMS
- High SELF-CONFIDENCE
- High level of CONCENTRATION
565
