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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 15. Human Overload and Stress > Flashcards

15. Human Overload and Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Arousal and Stress

A state of physiological or psychological excitement

A

AROUSAL

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2
Q

Arousal and Stress

Arousal is a natural beneficial reaction which renders the individual MORE or LESS sensitive to ____ and more able to respond to them quickly

A
  1. MORE
  2. EXTERNAL STIMULI

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3
Q

Arousal and Stress

Physiologically arousal results in higher (i)____, higher (ii)____ and (iii)____ to respond physically

A
  1. HIGHER HEART RATE
  2. HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE
  3. INCREASED READINESS

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4
Q

Arousal and Stress

Psychologically arousal results in INCREASED or DECREASED sensitivity to stimuli, and a general increase in ____ and ____

A
  1. INCREASED
  2. WAKEFULNESS
  3. ALERTNESS

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5
Q

Arousal and Stress

A heightened state of arousal caused by external events

A

STRESS

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6
Q

Arousal and Stress

Stress is caused by external events known as what

A

STRESSORS

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7
Q

Arousal and Stress

Peformance is at its best when you are what

A

ON HIGH ALERT

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8
Q

Arousal and Stress

Beyond the state of high alertness, what sort of performance drops off sharply

A

COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

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9
Q

Arousal and Stress

Complete the following Yerkes Dodson Law Graph

Answer Options
HIGH ALERT | INCAPACITATION | AROUSAL or ANXIETY
TUNED OUT | START, SURPRISE, SHOCK | RELAXED AWARENESS
FOCUSED AWARENESS | PERFORMANCE

A
  1. PERFORMANCE
  2. AROUSAL or ANXIETY
  3. TUNED OUT
  4. RELAXED AWARENESS
  5. FOCUSED AWARENESS
  6. HIGH ALERT
  7. INCAPACITATION
  8. START, SURPRISE, SHOCK

COMPELTED

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10
Q

Arousal and Stress

Beyond the peak of the performance curve known as the ____ what happens to the level of performance as a result of overload and what is the resulting level

A
  1. BREAK POINT
  2. DROPS OFF QUICKLY
  3. INCAPACITATION

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11
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is an internal strain within the individual as a simple and direct reaction to a stressor”

A

ENGINEERING MODEL
physiological model
transational model

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12
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is a particular collection of physiological changes to the body in response to a stressor”

A

engineering model
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL
transational model

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13
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is the definition of which of the 3 models of stress;

“Stress is a physiological and psychological response to a perceived stressor. The strength of the stress response is determined by the individuals perceptions of the stressor”

A

engineering model
physiological model
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

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14
Q

Arousal and Stress

What are the 3 models of stress

A

ENGINEERING
PHYSIOLOGICAL
TRANSACTIONAL

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15
Q

Arousal and Stress

“Unstable rostering, long periods away from hom, not enough or too much duty time and lack fo career progression”

This is an example of what sort of stressor

A

OCCUPATIONAL

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16
Q

Arousal and Stress

On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale anyone who amounts more than ____ points is in danger of what

A
  1. 150 POINTS
  2. FULL-BLOWN LIFE CRISIS

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17
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is a definition of which type of stressor;

“Anything which impinges sharply on the senses or disrupts the physiological balance

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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18
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are an example of what sort of stressor;

Excessive heat, noise, vibration, extremes of humidity

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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19
Q

Arousal and Stress

One of the key factors that determines how stressful a stressor is perceived to be is its ____

A

CONTROLLABILITY

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20
Q

Arousal and Stress

A disruption of the circadian rhythm is a significant cause of what type of stress

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS

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21
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following is a definition of which type of stressor;

“Fear or anxiety causing stress whether it be rational or irrational”

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSOR

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22
Q

Arousal and Stress

What name is given to an irrational psychological stressor

A

PHOBIA

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23
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are symptoms of becoming what from stressors;

  1. Increased blood pressure
  2. Low modd and low energy
  3. decreased conginitive performance and poor decision making
  4. Difficulty in concentrating
  5. Lack of productivity
  6. Insomnia
  7. Permanent feeling of being tired
  8. Irritability
  9. Forgetfulness
  10. Tunnelling of attention
A

OVERLOADED

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24
Q

Arousal and Stress

The following are causes of becoming what from stressors;

  1. Routine, very familiar, repetitve tasks
  2. Long periods of inactivity or low workload
  3. High level of automation
A

UNDERLOAD

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25
Q

Arousal and Stress

The symptoms of underload are what 3 things

A
  1. HYPOVIGILANCE
  2. TIREDNESS
  3. BOREDOM

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26
Q

Startle, Surprise and Shock

A reflex action to a sudden stimulus, for example flinching at the sound of a loud bang

A

STARTLE RESPONSE

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27
Q

Startle, Surprise and Shock

A prolonged and very intense reaction to a stressful event triggered in the limbic system of the lower brain

A

SURPRISE and SHOCK

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28
Q

Startle, Surprise and Shock

The surprise and shock element is triggered in what system, which is part of the lower brain

A

LIMBIC SYSTEM

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29
Q

Startle, Surprise and Shock

Surprise and shock can do what to the upper brain for how long

A

HIJACK UPPER BRAIN FUNCTIONS
UPTO 60 SECONDS

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30
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What does ‘GAS’ stand for, also known as fight or flight response

A

GENERAL ADAPATION SYNDROME

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31
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

GAS is initiated and mediated by the bodies ‘what’ system

General Adapation Syndrome

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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32
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What are the 3 distinct phases of GAS

General Adapation Syndrome

A
  1. ALARM (reaction)
  2. RESISTANCE
  3. EXHAUSTION

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33
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition of which of the 3 GAS distinct phases;

  • Brief initial shock
  • heart rate increases
  • muscle tension
  • Blood sugar rises
  • Blood diverted to brain

General Adapation Syndrome

A

ALARM (reaction)

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34
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition of whcih of the 3 GAS distinct phases;

  • Sustained physiological response
  • Corticosteroids released
  • Blood flow raised
  • Blood sugar level preserved
  • Fat instantly available in blood for sugar

General Adapation Syndrome

A

RESISTANCE PHASE

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35
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition fo which of the 3 GAS distinct phases;

  • Eventual physiological depletion
  • Bodys resources become depleted
  • Fat reserves in blood used up
  • Drop in blood sugar level
A

EXHAUSTION PHASE

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36
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS;

  1. increased ____ rate
  2. Increased ____ rate
  3. Increased ____ tension
  4. Reduced production of ____
  5. Loss of ____
  6. High level of ____
  7. Increased ____ levels

General Adapation Syndrome

A
  1. increased HEART rate
  2. Increased RESPIRATION rate
  3. Increased MUSCLE tension
  4. Reduced production of SALIVA
  5. Loss of APPETITE
  6. High level of ALERTNESS
  7. Increased ENERGY levels

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37
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The 7 noticable symptoms of GAS;

  1. INCREASED or DECREASED heart rate
  2. INCREASED or DECREASED respiration rate
  3. INCREASED or DECREASED muscle tension
  4. INCREASED or DECREASED production of saliva
  5. INCREASE or DECREASE is appetite
  6. HIGH or LOW level of alertness
  7. INCREASED or DECREASED energy levels

General Adapation Syndrome

A
  1. INCREASED heart rate
  2. INCREASED respiration rate
  3. INCREASED muscle tension
  4. DECREASED production of saliva
  5. DECREASE is appetite
  6. HIGH level of alertness
  7. INCREASED energy levels

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38
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

An effect of adrenaline is increased muscle tension, which causes what

A

TREMBLING

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39
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The body’s general physiological response to stress is open to what, by which organ

A
  1. INTERPRETATION
  2. BRAIN

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40
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

A permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle which, over time, constricts the blood flow thus raising blood pressure, is a result of exposure to what

A

CHRONIC STRESS
this raises the heart rate and blood pressure

Raising of heart rate and blood pressure as a result of chronic stress causes permanent hardening of the arterial walls and thickening of the heart muscle

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41
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline into the system helps break down fats ready to be converted into sugar, but this has the undesirable side effect of increasing levels of what in the blood stream

A

CHOLESTEROL

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42
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What system that helps fight illness can be effected by chronic stress

A

IMMUNE SYSTEM

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43
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What is released into the body when the immune system is triggered

A

CORTISOL

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44
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

Chronic stress results in permanently raised levels of cortisol, which significantly dampens the bodys what system and subsequently, makes it more what

A
  1. IMMUNE SYSTEM
  2. VULNERABLE TO ILLNESS

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45
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

Reactions to stressful events go on longer than the event itself. As a result, if 2 stressful events happen after each other, the effect of multiple stressors is said to be what

A

CUMULATIVE

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46
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

Why are the effects of multiple stressors said to be cumulative

A

REACTIONS TO STRESSFUL EVENTS GO ON LONGER THAN THE EVENT ITSELF

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47
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What can happen as a result of the fact a reaction to a stressful event goes on longer than the event itself i.e. and argument with someone before boarding a flight

A

TRASNFERRED
transfer stress from one situation to another

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48
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

What are the 3 major categories of reactions to stress

A
  1. PSYCHOLOGICAL
  2. PSYCHOSOMATIC
  3. SOMATIC

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49
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;

“restlessness, nervoursness, excitement or anxiety. Chronic stress can lead to depression, moodiness and personality change.”

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL
psychosomatic
somatic

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50
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;

“phsyiologcail changes in body function. Chronic stress can result in illnesses such as coronary heart disease, peptic ulcers, permanently raised blood pressure”

A

psychological
PSYCHOSOMATIC
somatic

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51
Q

General Adapation Syndrome

The following is a definition of which of the 3 major categories of reactions to stress;

“autonomic physiological responses i.e. alarm reaction to a shocking event”

A

psychologica
psychosomatic
SOMATIC

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52
Q

Response to stress

Varies in intensity between individuals

A

STRESS RESPONSE

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53
Q

Response to stress

The stress response depends a lot on the individuals what in relation to the task and their ability to deal with it

A

PERCEIVED MISMATCH

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54
Q

Coping with Stress

The process of changing your thinking and behaviour to manage stressors

A

COPING

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55
Q

Coping with Stress

What are the 5 general categories of coping mechanisms

A
  1. DIRECTION ACTION
  2. INFORMATION SEEKING
  3. INHIBITION
  4. PALLIATIVE COPING
  5. OBTAINING SUPPORT

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56
Q

Coping with Stress

The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;

“The individual manipulates or changes the relationship with the stressor i.e. removing it or escapting from it”

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

A

DIRECTION ACTION
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

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57
Q

Coping with Stress

The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;

“A cognitive coping technique. The individual tries to understand the stressor better so that they can predict how its likely to affect them in future”

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

A

direct action
INFORMATION SEEKING
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

564

58
Q

Coping with Stress

The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;

“Do nothing. An effective course of action only if the stressor is a short term one”

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

A

direct action
information seeking
INHIBITION
palliative coping
obtaining support

564

59
Q

Coping with Stress

The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;

“Form of symptom-directed coping. The individual reduces symptoms rather than addressing the cause i.e. using meditation or relaxation techniques such as taking drugs”

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

A

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
PALLIATIVE COPING
obtaining support

564

60
Q

Coping with Stress

The following is a definition of which of the 5 general coping mechanisms;

“Turning to others for practical help or emotional support”

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
obtaining support

A

direct action
information seeking
inhibition
palliative coping
OBTAINING SUPPORT

564

61
Q

Coping with Stress

What are the 2 methods of professionally supported stress management techniques which are long-term coping methods

A
  1. BIOFEEDBACK
  2. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT)

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62
Q

Coping with Stress

Which long term coping method is defined below;

“Using a devince to provide obvious cues to your stress level”

A

BIOFEEDBACK

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63
Q

Coping with Stress

Which long term coping method is defined below;

“Can be very effective and permanently change the way you react to stressors. Usually involves sessions with a therapist. You learn to understand and then rationalise your respons to stressors”

A

COGNTITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
(CBT)

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64
Q

Coping with Stress

The individuals capacity to withstand stress without underirable or inappropriate reactions

A

STRESS TOLERANCE

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65
Q

Stress tolerance varies among individuals and depends on how much of what 3 things the person can withstand

A
  1. TENSION
  2. ANXIETY
  3. FEAR

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66
Q

Coping with Stress

5 influencers that can effect an individuals stress tolerance;

  1. Natural level of ____
  2. ____ : related to age typically
  3. Effective ____
  4. High ____
  5. High level of ____
A
  1. Natural level of CALMNESS
  2. MATURITY
  3. Effective COPING MECHANISMS
  4. High SELF-CONFIDENCE
  5. High level of CONCENTRATION

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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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