09. Personal Health and Hygiene (sec 1 - 4)

Question 1

Basc health precautions

The 4 major avoidable health threats are;

1. ____ : from disease
2. ____ : naturally occuring poisons
3. ____ : lack of exercise
4. ____ : poor eating habits

Answer 1

1. INFECTION from diseases
2. INTOXICATION from naturally occurring poisons
3. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION due to lack of exrcise
4. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION due to poor eating habbits

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Question 2

Basic health precautions

The 4 major avoidable health threats are;
1. INFECTION : ____
2. INTOXICATION : ____
3. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION : ____
4. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION : ____

Answer 2

1. INFECTION from diseases
2. INTOXICATION from naturally occurring poisons
3. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION due to lack of exrcise
4. PHYSICAL DETERIORATION due to poor eating habbits

234

Question 3

Basc health precautions

The rules regarding informing your Aero-medical Establishment (AME) are dictated by what

Answer 3

THE LAW

235

Question 4

Basc health precautions

Licence holders SHOULD or MUST seek advice from the AME if they are aware of a decrease in their medical fitness

Answer 4

MUST

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Question 5

Basc health precautions

A licence holder MUST seek without delay advice from the AME if any of the 3 circumstances exist

Answer 5

1. ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL or CLINIC
2. UNDERGO SURGERY or INVASIVE PROCEDURE
3. REGULARLY USE MEDICATION

235

Question 6

Basc health precautions

You MUST NOT take any prescription or non-prescription medication or drug, or undergo any other treatment, unless what

Answer 6

COMPLETELEY SURE NO ADVERSE EFFECTS
Unless you are completely sure that there will be no adverse effects on your ability to perform your duties

235

Question 7

Basc health precautions

You MUST NOT fly for 48 hours after undergoing what 2 types of anaesthetic

Answer 7

1. GENERAL
2. SPINAL

235

Question 8

Basc health precautions

After undergoing general or spinal aneasthetic, you must not fly for how long

Answer 8

48 HOURS

235

Question 9

Basc health precautions

You MUST NOT fly for 12 hours after undergoing what 2 types of anaesthetic

Answer 9

1. LOCAL
2. REGIONAL

235

Question 10

Basc health precautions

After undergoing local or regional anaesthetic, you must not fly for how long

Answer 10

12 HOURS

235

Question 11

Basic health precautions

Why can you not take into account the guidance given with prescription and non-prescription drugs

Answer 11

Does not take into account particular conditions associated with flight

235

Question 12

Fatigue

In the context of aviation, the word fatigue describes what sort of tiredness

Answer 12

MENTAL TIREDNESS

236

Question 13

Fatigue

What sort of fatigue can be remedied by taking adequate rest

Answer 13

SHORT TERM FATIGUE

236

Question 14

Fatigue

Short term fatigue can be remedied how

Answer 14

ADEQUATE REST

236

Question 15

Fatigue

What are the 2 types of fatigue

Answer 15

1. SHORT TERM
2. CHRONIC

236

Question 16

Fatigue

Chronic fatigue is considered as what to pilots, in particular those who fly what sort of journies

Answer 16

1. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD
2. LONG-HAUL

236

Question 17

Fatigue

How does chronic fatigue differ to short term fatigue

Answer 17

DEEP SEATED
Not remedied by an adequate rest bite

236

Question 18

Fatigue

What is one of the most common influencers for chronic fatigue with pilots

Answer 18

JET LAG

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Question 19

Fatigue

Chronic fatigue can be made worse by what 2 factors

Answer 19

1. HIGH WORKLOAD
2. DOMESTIC WORRIES

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Question 20

Fatigue

The more common symptoms of chronic fatigue include;

1. ____ : deep sense of tiredness
2. ____ : increased reaction times
3. ____ : reduction in short term
4. ____ : difficult
5. ____ : increased when flying or calculating
6. ____ : depression
7. ____ : social interaction

Answer 20

1. LACK OF ENERGY : deep sense of tiredness
2. POOR MOTOR SKILLS : increased reaction times
3. MEMORY : reduction in short term
4. CONCENTRATION : difficult
5. MISTAKES : increased when flying or calculating
6. MOOD SWINGS : depression
7. WITHDRAWL : social interaction

236

Question 21

Fatigue

The more common symptoms of chronic fatigue include;

1. LACK OF ENERGY : ____
2. POOR MOTOR SKILLS : ____
3. MEMORY : ____
4. CONCENTRATION : ____
5. MISTAKES : ____
6. MOOD SWINGS : ____
7. WITHDRAWL : ____

3 M’s, PWC L

Answer 21

1. LACK OF ENERGY : deep sense of tiredness
2. POOR MOTOR SKILLS : increased reaction times
3. MEMORY : reduction in short term
4. CONCENTRATION : difficult
5. MISTAKES : increased when flying or calculating
6. MOOD SWINGS : depression
7. WITHDRAWL : social interaction

236

Question 22

Fatigue

What is the only solution for chronic fatigue for a pilot

Answer 22

PROLONGED REST WITHOUT FLYING

236

Question 23

Fatigue

What does FRMS stand for

Answer 23

FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

237

Question 24

Fatigue

What is the following a definition of;

“A data-driven means of continuously monitoring and maintaining fatigue related safety risks, based upton scientific principlesand knowledge as well as operational experience that aims to ensure relevant personnel are preforming at adequate levels of alertness”

Answer 24

FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(FRMS)

237

Question 25

# Fatigue How does a FRMS work

Answer 25

COMPUTER MODELING PREDICTS PERFORMANCE Computer modeling predicts performance capability, taking into account actual sleep/wake periods compared with the expected normal circadian rhythm ## Footnote 237

Question 26

# Fatigue What does a good FRMS allow an operator to do in terms of risk

Answer 26

CONTROL RISK ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE ## Footnote 237

Question 27

# Common minor ailments Why must a pilot avoid the temptation to take cold or flu remedy treatment when feeling under the weather

Answer 27

MAKE YOU FEEL DROWSY ## Footnote 238

Question 28

# Common minor ailments What are the 2 types of stomach upsets (gastro intestinal upsets)

Answer 28

1. TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA (TD) 2. GASTRO ENTERITIS ## Footnote 240

Question 29

# Common minor ailments What is the typical cause of *travellers diarrhoea (TD)*

Answer 29

FAECALLY CONTAMINATED FOOD or WATER ## Footnote 240

Question 30

# Common minor ailments What is the typical cause of *gastro-enteritis*

Answer 30

VIRUSES or BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ## Footnote 240

Question 31

# Common minor ailments Exposure to faecally contaminated food or water is likely to cause what sort of stomach upset

Answer 31

TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA (TD) ## Footnote 240

Question 32

# Common minor ailments Viruses or bacterial infections are likely to cause what sort of stomach update

Answer 32

GASTRO-ENTERITIS ## Footnote 240

Question 33

# Common minor ailments What are the best 2 methods of avoiding viral or bacterial gastro-enteritis

Answer 33

1. WASH HANDS BEFORE MEAL 2. FOOD PREPARED HYGENICALLY (uncontaminated water) ## Footnote 240

Question 34

# Common minor ailments Most remedies for stomach upsets contain what, which can result in drowsiness and inhibit respiration

Answer 34

OPIATES ## Footnote 240

Question 35

# Common minor ailments Most remedies for stomach upsets contain *opiates*, which can result in what 2 things

Answer 35

1. DROWSINESS 2. INHIBITED RESPIRATION ## Footnote 240

Question 36

# Food hygiene What is the primary cause of a bacterial stomach upset in the developing world

Answer 36

CONTAMINATED WATER ## Footnote 241

Question 37

# Food hygiene What are 9 precautions you can take to reduce the risk of stomach upsets; 1. ____ : sealed bottles 2. ____ : using bottled water only 3. ____ : frequently do this 4. ____ : avoid (frozen) 5. ____ : avoid (greens) 6. ____ : using bottled water before eating 7. ____ : avoid if re-heated or left standing 8. ____ : if unable to secure bottled water supply 9. ____ : avoid (fish)

Answer 37

1. DRINK BOTTLED WATER : sealed bottles 2. CLEAN TEETH : using bottled water only 3. WASH HANDS : frequently do this 4. ICE CREAM and ICED DRINKS : avoid (frozen) 5. SALADS and BUFFETS : avoid (greens) 6. WASH FRUIT : using bottled water before eating 7. EAT FRESH, HOT FOOD : avoid if re-heated or left standing 8. BOIL WATER : if unable to secure bottled water supply 9. SHELLFISH : avoid (fish) ## Footnote 241

Question 38

# Food hygiene As a member of a flight crew, what 2 additional things should be done as precaution to try and reduce risk impacts of stomach upsets

Answer 38

1. DIFFERENT MEALS : both pilots choose different meals 2. 90 MIN : allow 90 min between eating and flying ## Footnote 241

Question 39

# Food hygiene What is the first and primary requirement of a health diet

Answer 39

WATER ## Footnote 242

Question 40

# Food hygiene A *LONG or SHORT* term deprivation of essential nutrients can lead to disease

Answer 40

LONG TERM ## Footnote 242

Question 41

# Food hygiene What can a *long term* deprivation of essential nutrients lead to

Answer 41

DISEASE ## Footnote 242

Question 42

# Food hygiene A *LONG or SHORT* term deprivation of essential nutrients can lead to insufficient sugar being created for energy

Answer 42

SHORT TERM ## Footnote 242

Question 43

# Food hygiene What can a *short term* deprivation of essential nutrients lead to

Answer 43

INSUFFICIENT SUGAR for ENERGY ## Footnote 242

Question 44

# Food hygiene What is the name given for when blood sugar is too low

Answer 44

HYPOGLYCAEMIA ## Footnote 242

Question 45

# Food hygiene What is *hypoglycaemia*

Answer 45

LOW BLOOD SUGAR ## Footnote 242

Question 46

What are 4 effects of *hypoglycaemia*

Answer 46

1. GIDDINESS 2. FAINTNESS 3. TREMBLING 4. WEAKNESS ## Footnote 242

Question 47

# Food hygiene How does the body naturally protect itself from hypoglycaemia

Answer 47

APPETITE detects falling blood sugar and creates a strong desire to eat ## Footnote 242

Question 48

# Food hygiene Not including water specifically, what are the 5 core components of a healthy diet

Answer 48

1. CARBOHYDRATES 2. PROTEIN 3. FATS 4. MINERALS 5. VITAMINS ## Footnote 242/243

Question 49

# Food hygiene What are the 2 types of fats that make up a healthy diet

Answer 49

1. SATURATED : meat, oily fish, milk, eggs 2. UNSATURATED : vegetable oils

Question 50

# Food hygiene Where can *SATURATED FATS* be found

Answer 50

1. MEAT 2. OILY FISH 3. MILK 4. EGGS ## Footnote 242

Question 51

# Food hygiene Where can *UNSATURATED FATS* be found

Answer 51

VEGETABLE OILS ## Footnote 242

Question 52

# Food hygiene What is the purpose of *CARBOHYDRATES* What are the 4 principle sources

Answer 52

1. ESSENTIAL FOR ENERGY 2. CERALS 3. PASTA 4. FRUITS 5. VEGETABLES ## Footnote 242

Question 53

# Food hygiene What is the purpose of *PROTEIN* What are the 5 principle sources

Answer 53

1. BUILD or REPAIR TISSUE 2. MEAT 3. FISH 4. SOY BEANS 5. MILK 6. EGGS ## Footnote 242

Question 54

# Food hygiene What is the purpose of *MINERALS*

Answer 54

ESSENTIAL FOR GOOD HEALTH ## Footnote 242

Question 55

# Food hygiene What is the purpose and significance of *VITAMINS*

Answer 55

ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS Cannot be manufactored by the body ## Footnote 243

Question 56

# Food hygiene Obese people are at increased risk of what 4 ailments

Answer 56

1. CORONARY HEART DISEASE 2. DIABETES 3. ARTHRITIS 4. HEART DISEASE ## Footnote 244

Question 57

# Food hygiene Obesity results in general circulatory problems, which means the person has less ability to cope with what 3 dangers associated with flying

Answer 57

1. HYPOXIA 2. DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS 3. G-FORCES ## Footnote 244

Question 58

# Food hygiene What condition common in obese people interfers with sleep

Answer 58

SLEEP APNOEA ## Footnote 244

Question 59

# Food hygiene What are the symptoms of *sleep apnoea*

Answer 59

SUFFERER STOPS BREATHING IN SLEEP breathing begins again with a gasp for air ## Footnote 244

Question 60

# Food hygiene The condition *diabetes* is where what one or both things happen in the body

Answer 60

1. PANCREAS : fails to secrete enough insulin 2. INTOLERANT : body becomes intolerant to insulin ## Footnote 244

Question 61

# Food hygiene What is the purpose of *insulin*

Answer 61

GLUCOSE from BLOOD controls the update of glucose from the blood ## Footnote 244

Question 62

# Food hygiene What is the risk associated to insufficient quantities of insulin being secreted

Answer 62

HIGH BLOOD SUGAR ## Footnote 244

Question 63

# Food hygiene What is the condition known as when there is insufficient quantities of insulin leading to excessively high blood sugar

Answer 63

HYPERGLYCAEMIA ## Footnote 244

Question 64

# Food hygiene What is HYPERGLYCAEMIA

Answer 64

HIGH BLOOD SUGAR as a result of insufficient quantities of insulin ## Footnote 244

Question 65

# Food hygiene What can diabetes potentially mean for a pilot

Answer 65

DISQUALIFIED COMMERCIAL LICENCE ## Footnote 244

Question 66

# Food hygiene What factors increasae the probability of developing diabetes 1. ____ : white over 40, riskier. Black or Asian over 25, riskier 2. ____ : family history 3. ____ : high 4. ____ : specifically around the middle 5. ____ : excessive consumption of carbs and sugars

Answer 66

1. AGE and SKIN COLOUR 2. HEREDITARY 3. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE 4. WEIGHT 5. DIET ## Footnote 245