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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 02. The Human Organism > Flashcards

02. The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the rigid structure of bones the human body is made up of known as

A

SKELETON

pg 36

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2
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the 2 core roles the skeleton plays

A
  1. STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
  2. CREATING BLOOD

Blood cells grown in bone marrow

pg 36

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3
Q

Basic body architecture

Where are blood cells grown

A

BONE MARROW

pg 36

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4
Q

Basic body architecture

What does the skeleton create in order to accommodate organs

A

CAVITIES

pg 36

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5
Q

Basic body architecture

Apart from ____, all organs are contained within ____ created by the skeleton

A
  1. SKIN
  2. CAVITIES

pg 37

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6
Q

Basic body architecture

How are muscles attached to the skeleton

A

TENDONS

pg 38

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7
Q

Basic body architecture

What system is responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating the body’s response

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

pg 39

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8
Q

Basic body architecture

The NERVOUS SYSTEM is responsible for what 2 functions

A
  1. STIMULUS - detecting stimuli
  2. RESPONSE - coordinating body’s response

pg 39

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9
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the 2 parts the NERVOUS SYSTEM is organised into

A
  1. CNS - Central Nervous System
  2. PNS - Peripheral Nervous System

pg 39

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10
Q

Basic body architecture

The CNS and PNS use a special type of cell called a ____ to transmit information and trigger and control responses

A

NEURONE

pg 39

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11
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the purpose of the NEURONE in the CNS and PNS systems

A

TRANSMIT, TRIGGER and CONTROL
Transmit information, trigger and control responses

pg 39

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12
Q

Basic body architecture

The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) comprises what what 2 elements

A
  1. BRAIN
  2. SPINAL CORD

pg 39

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13
Q

Basic body architecture

What are the nerve trunks outside of the CNS known as

A

PERIPHERAL NERVES

pg 39

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14
Q

Basic body architecture

The PERHIPERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) is subdivded into what 2 functions

A
  1. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

pg 40

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15
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for

A

BODY MOVEMENT
SENSING EXTERNAL STIMULI
CONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS

REMEMBER
The “ESSS” sound in consiou”ESSS”
– Somatic beings with “ESSS”
– Stimuli beings with “ESSS”

Unconscious decisions are “AUTO”matic
– “AUTO”nomic

pg 40

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16
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for

A

UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS

i.e. control of blood vessels and internal organs

pg 40

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17
Q

Basic body architecture

How does the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM send messages around the body

A

HORMONES
(Chemical Messages)

pg 41

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18
Q

Basic body architecture

What system senses chemical messengers around the body that are detected by receptor cells

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

pg 40

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19
Q

Basic body architecture

Although slower than the nervous system, what is an advantage of the ENDORCINE SYSTEM

A

SIMULTANEOUS STIMULATION
Able to stimulate many cells simultaneously

pg 41

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20
Q

Basic body architecture

The secretion of hormones from glands within the body is controlled by neuronal signals and the process is called ____

A

NEURO-HORMONAL

pg 41

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21
Q

Basic body architecture

What is the process of NEURO-HORMONAL doing

A

SECRETION of HORMONES
Secretion of hormones from glands within the body

pg 41

22
Q

Basic body architecture

The NEURO-HORMONAL process signals are initiated at a very deep level by either the ____ or from within ____

A
  1. BRAIN
  2. ORGANS

pg 41

23
Q

Basic body architecture

What is responsible for initiating the various physiological changes in response to stress or anxiety

A

HORMONES

pg 41

24
Q

Basic body architecture

What are 2 common known hormones that are typically known about by most people

A
  1. INSULIN
  2. ADRENALIN

pg 41

25
Q

Basic body architecture

What is INSULIN secreted by
What 2 things does INSULINE control the use of within the body

A
  1. PANCREAS
  2. GLUCOSE and FAT

pg 41

26
Q

Basic body architecture

What is ADRENALINE secreted by
What does ADRENALINE control

A
  1. ADRENAL GLANDS
  2. HEART RATE

pg 41

27
Q

Human Cells

The basic building block of the humn body is what

A

THE CELL

pg 42

28
Q

Human Cells

A CELL is a discreet structure comprising fluid contained within a thin double-walled sac called what

A

MEMBRANE

pg 42

29
Q

Human Cells

CELLS extract energy from what 2 elements contained within food

A

SUGARS and FATS

pg 42

30
Q

Human Cells

What extracts sugars and fats from the food we eat

A

CELLS

pg 42

31
Q

Human Cells

What must happen to sugars and fats first for cells to extract energy

A

OXIDISED

pg 42

32
Q

Human Cells

CELLS deprived of water, nutrients or oxygen will result in degradation of what 3 things in regards to the persons ability to perform.

A
  1. PHYSICAL performance
  2. MENTAL performance
  3. INCAPACITATION

pg 43

33
Q

Human Cells

NERVE CELLS (neurones) are the key mechanism for what 2 things in regards to external events

A

DETECTING and RESPONDING
to external events

pg 43

34
Q

Homeostasis

What is the process HOMEOSTATIS used for in the body

A

MAINTAIN STABLE ENVIRONMENT

The body uses feedback and control mechanisms to maintain the bodies stable environment. i.e. when to hot, the body will sweat to cool it down to bring it back to 37℃

pg 44

35
Q

Stimulus and Response

What are 9 things the human body senses

  1. ____ : look over there
  2. ____ : someone farted
  3. ____ : pardon me?
  4. ____ : yummy!
  5. ____ : feels rough
  6. ____ : its hot
  7. ____ : lifting weights
  8. ____ : Isaac Newton in a race car
  9. ____ : ouch!

The 3 “S”s, the 4 “T”s and the “GAP”

A
  1. SIGHT
  2. SMELL
  3. SOUND (HEARING)
  4. TASTE
  5. TOUCH
  6. TEMPERATURE
  7. TENSION (BODY [LIMB] POSITION)
  8. GRAVITY and ACCELERATION
  9. PAIN

REMEMBER
The 3 “S”s, the 4 “T”s and the others
Sight, Sound, Smell,
Taste, Touch, Temperature, Tension (position), Gravity and Acceleration, and Pain

pg 45

36
Q

Stimulus and Response

A ball is thrown at you. Your eye detects the ball as a threat which triggers you to duck. The process of ducking is a ____ to the brain interpreting the ___ as a threat

A
  1. RESPONSE
  2. STIMULUS

pg 46

37
Q

Stimulus and Response

For a NEURON to signal the brain, the stimulus must be above what level

A

SENSORY THRESHOLD

pg 46

38
Q

Stimulus and Response

How long after a nerve signal has been trigger is a much larger stimulus required to generate a signal

A

5 microseconds

pg 47

39
Q

Stimulus and Response

What is SENSORY ADAPTION

A

DECREASE in PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
As a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus

For example, wearing a watch. Your body reacts the moment you put the watch on. As your senses adapt, eventually you cannot tell you are wearing the watch

pg 47

40
Q

Stimulus and Response

A decrease in the PHYSIOLOGICAL response as a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus is known as what

A

SENSORY ADAPTION

REMEMBER
Adaptation = Shorter | Physiological
Habituation = Longer | Physiological and Psychological

Habits are long lasting, like biting your nails which is a psychological trait

pg 47

41
Q

Stimulus and Response

What is SENSORY HABITUATION

A

DECREASE in PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE
As a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus

pg 47

42
Q

Stimulus and Response

SENSORY HABITUATION takes place in which system

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS)

pg 47

43
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

Where are PROPRIOCEPTORS found

A

INSIDE MUSCLES

REMEMBER: Muscle PRO GROW

Proprioceptors detect and relay very precise information about the length of extension of each muscle

Mechanoreceptors transmit very precise information about the amount of tension in the muscle

Proprioceptors detect extension
Mechanoreceptors transmit tension

pg 49

44
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

Where are MECHANORECEPTORS found

A

INSIDE TENDONS

Mechanoreceptors transmit very precise information about the amount of tension in the muscle

pg 49

45
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

What is the purpose of the PROPRIOCEPTOR

A

DETECT and RELAY
detect and relay precise information about length of extension of each muscle

pg 49

46
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

What is the purpose of the MACHANORECEPTOR

A

TRANSMIT
transmit very precise information about the amount of tension in a muscle

pg 49

47
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

Where are the PRESSURE RECEPTORS found

A

BELOW THE SKIN

pg 51

48
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

What is the purpose of the PRESSURE RECEPTOR

A

SENSE PRESSURE EXERTED
pressure receptors sense how much pressure is being exerted on the surface of the body

pg 51

49
Q

Proprioceptors and Mechanoreceptors

PRESSURE RECEPTORS in your rear contribute to condition known as what

A

SEAT OF THE PANTS

pg 52

50
Q

ACE TEST

A danger of a pilot becoming habituated to a stimulus is that;
[ ] It may result in hypo vigilance
[ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses
[ ] You may not notice it
[ ] You may become dependent on it

A

[ ] It may result in hypo vigilance
[ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses
[X] You may not notice it
[ ] You may become dependent on it

51
Q

ACE TEST

Sensory (i)ADAPTION or HABITUATION lasts longer than sensory (ii)ADAPTION or HABITUATION because it isnt dependent on what (iii)

A
  1. HABITUATION
  2. ADAPTION
  3. SHORT TERM PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
52
Q

ACE TEST

The condition of sensory signals triggering progressively smaller responses in the brain is known as what

A

SENSORY HABITUATION

ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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